Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Feb 23;13(2):171. doi: 10.3390/toxins13020171.
This review aimed to investigate the occurrence of mycotoxins, their toxic effects, and the detoxifying agents discussed in scientific publications that are related to pig production. Mycotoxins that are of major interest are aflatoxins and toxins, such as deoxynivalenol and fumonisins, because of their elevated frequency at a global scale and high occurrence in corn, which is the main feedstuff in pig diets. The toxic effects of aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisins include immune modulation, disruption of intestinal barrier function, and cytotoxicity leading to cell death, which all result in impaired pig performance. Feed additives, such as mycotoxin-detoxifying agents, that are currently available often combine organic and inorganic sources to enhance their adsorbability, immune stimulation, or ability to render mycotoxins less toxic. In summary, mycotoxins present challenges to pig production globally because of their increasing occurrences in recent years and their toxic effects impairing the health and growth of pigs. Effective mycotoxin-detoxifying agents must be used to boost pig health and performance and to improve the sustainable use of crops.
本综述旨在调查与猪生产相关的科学出版物中提到的霉菌毒素的发生情况、其毒性作用以及解毒剂。由于这些毒素在全球范围内的出现频率较高，而且在猪饲料的主要原料玉米中大量存在，黄曲霉毒素和呕吐毒素（如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和伏马菌素）等毒素受到了极大关注。黄曲霉毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和伏马菌素的毒性作用包括免疫调节、破坏肠道屏障功能和导致细胞死亡的细胞毒性，所有这些都会导致猪的生产性能下降。目前可用的饲料添加剂，如霉菌毒素解毒剂，通常结合有机和无机来源，以增强其吸附能力、免疫刺激或降低霉菌毒素毒性的能力。总之，由于近年来霉菌毒素的出现频率不断增加，其毒性作用会损害猪的健康和生长，因此霉菌毒素对全球的猪生产构成了挑战。必须使用有效的霉菌毒素解毒剂来提高猪的健康和生产性能，并改善作物的可持续利用。
