Comparison of Immune Checkpoint Molecules and in Paired Primary and Recurrent Glioma: Increasing Trend When Recurrence.

This study aims to investigate expression patterns in paired primary and recurrent gliomas. From January 2008 to December 2014, 42 patients who underwent surgical resections of primary and recurrent gliomas were retrospectively included. protein expression in tumors was evaluated through immunohistochemistry. In primary gliomas, and expression was evident in 9 (22.0%) and 14 (33.3%) patients. In the paired recurrent glioma, and expression was evident in 25 (61.0%) and 31 (74.0%) lesions. Both and showed significantly enhanced expression after recurrence ( < 0.005; < 0.005). For expression in recurrent gliomas, the adjuvant therapy group showed significantly increased expression compared to primary gliomas ( < 0.005). For - primary gliomas, if the matched recurrent gliomas showed +, the PFS became worse than the remaining recurrent gliomas - (12.7 vs. 25.9 months, = 0.032). Interestingly, for - primary gliomas, if the matched recurrent gliomas showed +, the OS became better than the remaining recurrent gliomas - (33.8 vs. 17.5 months, < 0.001). In the study, we found the expression of / increased significantly in recurrent gliomas and the elevated level of was tightly associated with adjuvant treatment, suggesting the potential therapeutic and predictive value of and in the treatment of recurrent gliomas.