Babaier Abdulaziz, Mal Hanan, Alselwi Waleed, Ghatage Prafull
Department of Gynecologic Oncology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Feb 10;12(2):458. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12020458.
Low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) of the ovary is a rare histological subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. It has distinct clinical behavior and a specific molecular profile. Compared with high-grade serous carcinoma, this tumor presents at a younger age, has an indolent course, and is associated with prolonged survival. LGSC can arise de novo or originate following a serous borderline tumor (SBT). Pathological differentiation between LGSC and other ovarian carcinoma histological subtypes is fundamental. Several factors might influence the overall outcome, such as the age at diagnosis, current smoking, elevated body mass index, mutational status, hormonal receptors' expression, and Ki-67 proliferation index. Surgery is the main treatment option in LGSC, and efforts must be maximized to achieve a microscopic residual in metastatic disease. Despite being relatively chemo-resistant, adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard of care in LGSC. Hormonal maintenance therapy after adjuvant chemotherapy results in improved outcomes. Treatment options for disease recurrence include secondary cytoreductive surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and clinical trials. Advancements in genomic studies and targeted therapies are expected to change the treatment landscape in LGSC.
卵巢低级别浆液性癌（LGSC）是上皮性卵巢癌中一种罕见的组织学亚型。它具有独特的临床行为和特定的分子特征。与高级别浆液性癌相比，这种肿瘤发病年龄较轻，病程进展缓慢，生存期较长。LGSC可原发产生，也可由浆液性交界性肿瘤（SBT）发展而来。LGSC与其他卵巢癌组织学亚型之间的病理鉴别至关重要。有几个因素可能会影响总体预后，如诊断时的年龄、当前吸烟情况、体重指数升高、突变状态、激素受体表达以及Ki-67增殖指数。手术是LGSC的主要治疗选择，必须尽最大努力使转移性疾病达到显微镜下无残留。尽管LGSC相对耐药，但辅助铂类化疗仍是LGSC的标准治疗方案。辅助化疗后的激素维持治疗可改善预后。疾病复发的治疗选择包括二次减瘤手术、化疗、激素治疗、靶向治疗以及临床试验。基因组研究和靶向治疗的进展有望改变LGSC的治疗格局。
