Zubrii Natalia Andreevna, Filippov Boris Yurevich, Kondakov Alexander Vasilevich, Khruleva Olga Arturovna, Rybalov Leonid Borisovich, Vikhreva Darya Vitalievna
Scientific Department, Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia.
Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia.
Insects. 2022 Feb 16;13(2):204. doi: 10.3390/insects13020204.
The geographic patterns of genetic and morphological variability in ground beetles were examined throughout Northern Eurasia and North America using the most abundant circumpolar tundra subspecies, (Kirby, 1837), as a model. Phylogenetic structure was assessed on the basis of a Bayesian approach using two DNA markers (partial sequences of the COI and 28S rRNA genes), while phylogeographic patterns and population genetic diversity were estimated using the COI gene only. Morphological patterns were analysed using elliptical Fourier coefficients that were calculated based on the pronotum and male genitalia shape outlines. The subspecies shares 23 COI haplotypes throughout its entire circumpolar range, while eight haplotypes of 28S rRNA were detected in Northern Eurasia. Phylogenetic analysis did not reveal subdivided species lineages with strict geographical imprint. The network, F and uncorrected pairwise divergence analyses showed that the genetic distances between populations increase by longitude from Northeastern Asia to Europe. The genetic variability among the five studied geographical population groups of was relatively high. The MANOVA showed significant regional divergence between local populations in Northern Eurasia based on both morphological markers, but only male genitalia variability was geographically structured. Neither the pronotum shape nor the male genitalia shape aligned with the phylogeographic patterns discovered on the basis of COI sequences. The genetic (COI) marker had more variation within, rather than among, population groups in addition to morphology of pronotum but not male genitalia.
以分布最广的环北极苔原亚种（Kirby，1837）为模型，研究了整个欧亚大陆北部和北美洲步甲的遗传和形态变异的地理格局。基于贝叶斯方法，使用两个DNA标记（COI和28S rRNA基因的部分序列）评估系统发育结构，而仅使用COI基因估计系统地理格局和种群遗传多样性。使用基于前胸背板和雄性生殖器形状轮廓计算的椭圆傅里叶系数分析形态格局。该亚种在其整个环北极分布范围内共有23种COI单倍型，而在欧亚大陆北部检测到8种28S rRNA单倍型。系统发育分析未揭示具有严格地理印记的细分物种谱系。网络分析、F统计和未校正的成对差异分析表明，从亚洲东北部到欧洲，种群之间的遗传距离随经度增加。所研究的该物种的五个地理种群组之间的遗传变异性相对较高。多变量方差分析表明，基于两种形态标记，欧亚大陆北部当地种群之间存在显著的区域差异，但只有雄性生殖器的变异具有地理结构。前胸背板形状和雄性生殖器形状均与基于COI序列发现的系统地理格局不一致。除了前胸背板形态外，遗传（COI）标记在种群组内的变异多于种群组间，但雄性生殖器形态并非如此。
