Potapov Grigory S, Kondakov Alexander V, Filippov Boris Yu, Gofarov Mikhail Yu, Kolosova Yulia S, Spitsyn Vitaly M, Tomilova Alena A, Zubrii Natalia A, Bolotov Ivan N
Northern Arctic Federal University, 163002, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia.
Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 163000, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, Arkhangelsk, Russia Northern Arctic Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia.
Zookeys. 2019 Jul 24;866:85-115. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.866.35084. eCollection 2019.
The High Arctic bumble bee fauna is rather poorly known, while a growing body of recent molecular research indicates that several Arctic species may represent endemic lineages with restricted ranges. Such local endemics are in need of special conservation efforts because of the increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate changes. Here, we re-examine the taxonomic and biogeographic affinities of bumble bees from Novaya Zemlya using historical samples and recently collected materials (1895-1925 2015-2017). Three bumble bee species inhabit the Yuzhny (Southern) Island and the southern edge of Severny (Northern) Island of this archipelago: Friese, 1902, Schönherr, 1809, and Friese, 1902. shares three unique COI haplotypes that may indicate its long-term (pre-glacial) persistence on Novaya Zemlya. In contrast, and share a rather low molecular divergence from mainland populations, with the same or closely related haplotypes as those from Arctic Siberia and Norway. A brief re-description of based on the newly collected topotypes is presented. Habitats, foraging plants and life cycles of bumble bees on Novaya Zemlya are characterized, and possible causes of extremely low bumble bee abundance on the archipelago are discussed. The species-poor bumble bee fauna of Novaya Zemlya is compared with those in other areas throughout the Arctic. The mean bumble bee species richness on the Arctic Ocean islands is three times lower than that in the mainland Arctic areas (3.1 8.6 species per local fauna, respectively). General linear models (GLMs) indicate that this difference can be explained by specific environmental conditions of insular areas. Our findings highlight that the insularity is a significant factor sharply decreasing species richness in bumble bee assemblages on the Arctic Ocean archipelagoes through colder climate (lower summer temperatures), prevalence of harsh Arctic tundra landscapes with poor foraging resources, and in isolation from the mainland.
北极地区的大黄蜂种类鲜为人知，而最近越来越多的分子研究表明，一些北极物种可能代表范围有限的特有谱系。由于日益增加的人为压力和气候变化，这些当地特有物种需要特别的保护措施。在这里，我们利用历史样本和最近收集的材料（1895 - 1925年以及2015 - 2017年）重新审视了新地岛大黄蜂的分类学和生物地理学亲缘关系。三种大黄蜂物种栖息在这个群岛的尤日尼（南部）岛和谢韦尔尼（北部）岛的南部边缘：1902年的弗里斯大黄蜂、1809年的舍恩赫尔大黄蜂和1902年的弗里斯大黄蜂。弗里斯大黄蜂共有三种独特的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）单倍型，这可能表明它在新地岛上长期（冰川期前）存在。相比之下，舍恩赫尔大黄蜂和另一种大黄蜂与大陆种群的分子差异相当小，具有与北极西伯利亚和挪威相同或密切相关的单倍型。基于新收集的原产地模式标本对弗里斯大黄蜂进行了简要的重新描述。描述了新地岛大黄蜂的栖息地、觅食植物和生命周期，并讨论了该群岛大黄蜂数量极低的可能原因。将新地岛物种贫乏的大黄蜂动物群与整个北极其他地区的进行了比较。北冰洋岛屿上大黄蜂物种的平均丰富度比北极大陆地区低三倍（每个当地动物群分别为3.1种和8.6种）。广义线性模型（GLMs）表明，这种差异可以由岛屿地区的特定环境条件来解释。我们的研究结果突出表明，岛屿状态是一个重要因素，通过更寒冷的气候（更低的夏季温度）、觅食资源匮乏的恶劣北极苔原景观普遍存在以及与大陆隔离，大幅降低了北冰洋群岛大黄蜂群落的物种丰富度。
