Nkrumah Edmund Nana Kwame, Liu Suxia, Fiergbor David Doe, Akoto Linda Serwah
School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Jan 22;10(2):215. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10020215.
Since the emergence of COVID-19, the aviation sector has been one of the numerous industries which have been affected the most. In this present paper, the thought of death among aviation workers as an indicator of anxiety at a time when the availability, access to, and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) remains paramount to the survival of work in the line of duties and its influence on different work behaviors was assessed. The theoretical foundation of the study was built on the process efficiency theory, attentional interference theory, and the terror management theory (TMT), which focuses on both the psychological and emotional responses exhibited by people due to fear or worry about a specific situation. The study adopted an exploratory study design that incorporates a cross-sectional and self-reported survey among 646 frontline workers across 12 international airlines and the Ghana Airport Company Limited (GACL), Accra, Ghana using simple random sampling and convenient sampling techniques. After all the preliminary tests were performed, the path analysis estimated by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) indicated that anxiety has a significant influence on workers' stress-adaptive performance and task performance, but recorded no significant causal link with interpersonal performance. The findings indicated that all three proxies of employee work behaviours, which focus on both adaptive and task performance, were significantly related to workers' access, availability, and use of PPE (APPE). The association between anxiety and APPE was also found to be significant. Bootstrapping mediation analysis shows that anxiety partially mediates the influence APPE has on both stress-adaptive performance and task performance, but did not show any mediating effect on the association between APPE and interpersonal performance. Among the three dimensions of death anxiety, both the fear of death (FDE) and death intrusion (DINT) indicated a significant partial mediating effect on the influence APPE has on all three multidimensional constructs of work behaviours. The findings literally prove that worrying about the fatality risk associated with COVID-19 is highly predictive.
自新冠疫情出现以来，航空业一直是受影响最严重的众多行业之一。在本论文中，研究了航空工作人员的死亡观念，将其作为焦虑的一个指标，此时个人防护装备（PPE）的可获得性、获取和使用对于履行职责工作的生存至关重要，以及其对不同工作行为的影响。该研究的理论基础建立在过程效率理论、注意力干扰理论和恐怖管理理论（TMT）之上，后者关注人们由于对特定情况的恐惧或担忧而表现出的心理和情绪反应。该研究采用了探索性研究设计，通过简单随机抽样和便利抽样技术，对加纳阿克拉12家国际航空公司和加纳机场公司有限公司（GACL）的646名一线工作人员进行了横断面和自我报告调查。在进行了所有初步测试后，通过结构方程模型（SEM）估计的路径分析表明，焦虑对员工的压力适应绩效和任务绩效有显著影响，但与人际绩效没有显著的因果关系。研究结果表明，员工工作行为的所有三个代理指标，即关注适应绩效和任务绩效的指标，都与员工获取、获得和使用个人防护装备（APPE）显著相关。焦虑与APPE之间的关联也被发现是显著的。自举中介分析表明，焦虑部分中介了APPE对压力适应绩效和任务绩效的影响，但对APPE与人际绩效之间的关联没有显示出任何中介作用。在死亡焦虑的三个维度中，对死亡的恐惧（FDE）和死亡侵入（DINT）都表明对APPE对工作行为的所有三个多维度结构的影响有显著的部分中介作用。研究结果确实证明，担心与新冠病毒相关的死亡风险具有很高的预测性。
