Anokhina Tatyana, Dmitrieva Evgenia, Volkov Alexey
A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Membranes (Basel). 2022 Feb 18;12(2):235. doi: 10.3390/membranes12020235.
In this work, we combined the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and further cross-linking by cations towards the preparation of nanofiltration membranes based on sodium alginate, a biodegradable, natural polymer. Acetone, ethanol, toluene, and hexane were used as non-solvents, and cations of calcium, silver, and aluminum-for polymer cross-linking, respectively. Results showed the precipitation strength of non-solvent played a noticeable role in the membrane's performance; for instance, the toluene permeability changed by four orders of magnitude with the decrease of precipitation strength of the non-solvent: acetone ( = 0.1 kg∙m∙h∙bar) < ethanol (3 kg∙m∙h∙bar) < hexane (41 kg∙m∙h∙bar) < toluene (415 kg∙m∙h∙bar). It was shown that simultaneous precipitation and crosslinking in aqueous solutions AlCl or AgNO must be used in the preparation of alginate membranes for the highly selective recovery of pharmaceutical compounds from organic media. These membranes show rejection = 90-93% of substances with = 626 g/mol and ethanol permeability = 1.5-2.5 kg∙m∙h∙bar. For the highly selective recovery of pharmaceutical compounds from water, the method of obtaining membranes must be changed. Precipitation in toluene and then crosslinking in aqueous solutions of AlCl or AgNO must be used sequentially instead of simultaneous precipitation and crosslinking in aqueous solutions of the same inorganic salts. The permeability of such membranes varied from 0.44 to 7.8 kg∙m∙h∙bar depending on the crosslinking cation in the alginate. The rejection of model substances with 350 and 626 g/mol were on the level of 99%. Alginate membranes can be used to solve separation problems in the pharmaceutical field, for example, to isolate antibiotics from their extractants and remove the same antibiotics from aqueous pharmaceutical waste to prevent their accumulation in the environment and the emergence of resistant genes and bacteria.
在本研究中，我们将非溶剂诱导相分离（NIPS）与阳离子进一步交联相结合，用于制备基于海藻酸钠（一种可生物降解的天然聚合物）的纳滤膜。使用丙酮、乙醇、甲苯和己烷作为非溶剂，并分别使用钙、银和铝的阳离子对聚合物进行交联。结果表明，非溶剂的沉淀强度对膜的性能起着显著作用；例如，随着非溶剂沉淀强度的降低，甲苯渗透率变化了四个数量级：丙酮（ = 0.1 kg∙m∙h∙bar）<乙醇（3 kg∙m∙h∙bar）<己烷（41 kg∙m∙h∙bar）<甲苯（415 kg∙m∙h∙bar）。结果表明，在海藻酸盐膜的制备过程中，为了从有机介质中高度选择性地回收药物化合物，必须在水溶液中同时进行沉淀和交联，使用AlCl或AgNO。这些膜对分子量 = 626 g/mol的物质的截留率为90 - 93%，乙醇渗透率为 = 1.5 - 2.5 kg∙m∙h∙bar。为了从水中高度选择性地回收药物化合物，必须改变制备膜的方法。必须依次使用在甲苯中沉淀然后在AlCl或AgNO的水溶液中交联的方法，而不是在相同无机盐的水溶液中同时进行沉淀和交联。这种膜的渗透率根据海藻酸盐中交联阳离子的不同在0.44至7.8 kg∙m∙h∙bar之间变化。对分子量为350和626 g/mol的模型物质的截留率在99%的水平。海藻酸盐膜可用于解决制药领域的分离问题，例如，从其萃取剂中分离抗生素，并从制药废水溶液中去除相同的抗生素，以防止它们在环境中积累以及抗性基因和细菌的出现。
