Kovacs Emoke Dalma, Silaghi-Dumitrescu Luminita, Roman Cecilia, Tian Di
Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, INCDO-INOE 2000, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jan 24;10(2):254. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10020254.
In this study, the effect of common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on rhizosphere microbiota was monitored. The experiments were performed with artificially contaminated soil with ibuprofen (0.5 mg·kg), ketoprofen (0.2 mg·kg) and diclofenac (0.7 mg·kg). The results evidenced that the rhizosphere microbiota abundance decreased especially under exposure to diclofenac (187-201 nmol·g dry weight soil) and ibuprofen (166-183 nmol·g dry weight soil) if compared with control (185-240 nmol·g dry weight soil), while the fungal/bacteria ratio changed significantly with exposure to diclofenac (<27%) and ketoprofen (<18%). Compared with control samples, the average amount of the ratio of Gram-negative/Gram-positive bacteria was higher in rhizosphere soil contaminated with ibuprofen (>25%) and lower in the case of diclofenac (<46%) contamination. Carbon source consumption increased with the time of assay in case of the control samples (23%) and those contaminated with diclofenac (8%). This suggests that rhizosphere microbiota under contamination with diclofenac consume a higher amount of carbon, but they do not consume a larger variety of its sources. In the case of contamination with ibuprofen and ketoprofen, the consumption of carbon source presents a decreasing tendency after day 30 of the assay. Rhizosphere microbiota emitting volatile organic compounds were also monitored. Volatile compounds belonging to alcohol, aromatic compounds, ketone, terpene, organic acids, aldehyde, sulphur compounds, esters, alkane, nitrogen compounds, alkene and furans were detected in rhizosphere soil samples. Among these, terpene, ketone, alcohol, aromatic compounds, organic acids and alkane were the most abundant compound classes (>75%), but their percentage changed with exposure to diclofenac, ketoprofen and ibuprofen. Such changes in abundance, structure and the metabolic activity of rhizosphere microbiota under exposure to common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suggest that there is a probability to also change the ecosystem services provided by rhizosphere microbiota.
在本研究中，监测了常见非甾体抗炎药对根际微生物群的影响。实验使用人工污染了布洛芬（0.5毫克·千克）、酮洛芬（0.2毫克·千克）和双氯芬酸（0.7毫克·千克）的土壤进行。结果表明，与对照（185 - 240纳摩尔·克干重土壤）相比，根际微生物群丰度尤其在暴露于双氯芬酸（187 - 201纳摩尔·克干重土壤）和布洛芬（166 - 183纳摩尔·克干重土壤）时降低，而真菌/细菌比率在暴露于双氯芬酸（<27%）和酮洛芬（<18%）时发生显著变化。与对照样品相比，被布洛芬污染的根际土壤中革兰氏阴性菌/革兰氏阳性菌的平均比率较高（>25%），而在双氯芬酸污染的情况下较低（<46%）。对照样品（23%）和被双氯芬酸污染的样品（8%）的碳源消耗随测定时间增加。这表明受双氯芬酸污染的根际微生物群消耗的碳量更高，但它们消耗的碳源种类并不更多。在被布洛芬和酮洛芬污染的情况下，测定第30天后碳源消耗呈下降趋势。还监测了根际微生物群释放的挥发性有机化合物。在根际土壤样品中检测到属于醇类、芳香族化合物、酮类、萜类、有机酸、醛类、硫化合物、酯类、烷烃、氮化合物、烯烃和呋喃类的挥发性化合物。其中，萜类、酮类、醇类、芳香族化合物、有机酸和烷烃是最丰富的化合物类别（>75%），但它们的百分比随暴露于双氯芬酸、酮洛芬和布洛芬而变化。暴露于常见非甾体抗炎药时根际微生物群在丰度、结构和代谢活性方面的此类变化表明，根际微生物群提供的生态系统服务也有可能发生变化。
