Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Nong Khai Campus, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand.
Molecules. 2022 Feb 9;27(4):1157. doi: 10.3390/molecules27041157.
This work aimed to study the effect of ultrasound-assisted (UAE), microwave-assisted (MAE), and ultrasound-microwave-assisted (UMAE) methods for pectin extraction from industrial tomato waste. The overall performance index from the fuzzy analytical method with three criteria, pectin yield, galacturonic acid, and lycopene content, was applied to evaluate the best extraction conditions by using the weight of 75, 20, and 5, respectively. The UAE conditions was performed at a temperature of 80 °C for 20 min with the variations in the extraction pH and the solid liquid (SL) ratio. The best UAE conditions with high pectin yield, and high total carboxyl group, as well as a lycopene content, was the pH of 1.5 and the SL ratio of 1:30. The MAE conditions was performed with variations in the microwave powers and times. The results showed that the best MAE conditions were 300 W for 10 min, which gave high pectin yield with high galacturonic acid and lycopene content. Various conditions of UMAE at the best conditions of MAE and UAE were performed and exhibited that the UAE had more positively affected the pectin yield. However, the FTIR spectra of obtained pectins from different extraction techniques showed a similar pectin structure.
本工作旨在研究超声辅助（UAE）、微波辅助（MAE）和超声-微波辅助（UMAE）方法从工业番茄废物中提取果胶的效果。采用具有三个标准（果胶得率、半乳糖醛酸和番茄红素含量）的模糊分析方法的综合性能指标，分别应用权重为 75、20 和 5，评估最佳提取条件。UAE 条件在 80°C 下进行 20 分钟，提取 pH 值和固液比（SL）变化。具有高果胶得率、高总羧基以及高番茄红素含量的最佳 UAE 条件是 pH 为 1.5 和 SL 比为 1:30。MAE 条件随微波功率和时间的变化而变化。结果表明，最佳 MAE 条件为 300 W 持续 10 分钟，可获得高果胶得率和高半乳糖醛酸和番茄红素含量。在 MAE 和 UAE 的最佳条件下进行各种 UMAE 条件的实验表明，UAE 对果胶得率的影响更为积极。然而，不同提取技术获得的果胶的 FTIR 光谱显示出相似的果胶结构。
