Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 24;12(1):3139. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06985-z.
In this study, the single-cell eukaryotic model organism Tetrahymena thermophila was used as an experimental material to reveal the anti-aging mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract. After treatment with the G. lucidum aqueous extract, the logarithmic phase was extended, and the maximum density of T. thermophila increased to 5.5 × 10 cells/mL. The aqueous extract was more effective than the main active monomers of G. lucidum. The membrane integrity in the cell including mitochondria and nucleus appeared improvement after treatment with the G. lucidum aqueous extract, which observed by ammonia silver staining and transmission electron microscopy. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment of the differentially expressed genes in transcriptome showed that the G. lucidum aqueous extract promoted the biological metabolic process of membrane components. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the glutathione metabolism process was enhanced in both growth phases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis illustrated that phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) played a key role in the anti-aging mechanism. The results suggested that G. lucidum aqueous extract improved the GPX activity as well as reduced the malondialdehyde content and cell damage. More importantly, the expression of PHGPx was promoted to reduce the oxidation degree of the membrane lipids and enhance the integrity of the membrane to achieve anti-aging effects.
在这项研究中，使用单细胞真核生物模式生物嗜热四膜虫作为实验材料，揭示了灵芝水提物的抗衰老机制。用灵芝水提物处理后，对数生长期延长，嗜热四膜虫的最大密度增加到 5.5×10 个细胞/mL。水提物比灵芝的主要活性单体更有效。用氨银染色和透射电子显微镜观察到，灵芝水提物处理后，细胞的膜完整性（包括线粒体和核）得到改善。转录组中差异表达基因的基因本体论（GO）功能富集显示，灵芝水提物促进了膜成分的生物代谢过程。根据京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG），谷胱甘肽代谢过程在生长阶段都得到了增强。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络分析表明，磷脂氢过氧化物谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（PHGPx）在抗衰老机制中起关键作用。结果表明，灵芝水提物提高了 GPX 活性，降低了丙二醛含量和细胞损伤。更重要的是，促进 PHGPx 的表达，降低膜脂的氧化程度，增强膜的完整性，从而达到抗衰老的效果。
