Krüger Jürgen
AG Hirnforschung, Freiburg, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 Feb 8;12:804652. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.804652. eCollection 2021.
Cerebral energy supply is insufficient to support continuous neuronal processing of the plethora of time-constant objects that we are aware of. As a result, the brain is forced to limit processing resources to (the most relevant) cases of . The neuronally generated world is thus temporally discontinuous. This parallels the fact that, in all relevant microscopic fundamental equations of nature, temporal plays a dominant role. When a scientist calculates a "solution" to such an equation, integration over time is an essential step. The present Hypothesis expresses that the step from neuronal activity to phenomenal content of consciousness is reflective of a (phenomenal) "solution:" the main source of the incomprehensibility of consciousness is proposed to result from the introduction of phenomenal time-constant entities. These are "filled-in" integration, even though neuronal data only exists for to these entities. In this way, a temporally continuous picture of the world phenomenally appears. Qualia are "initial conditions," which are required for integration and cannot be deduced from data. Phenomenal "identity" (vs. "high similarity") is related to qualia. visual perception, which is only rarely investigated, offers insights into these relationships. Introspectively, unattended vision appears rich because percepts are cumulated over long time spans, whereas attentive perception relies purely on neuronal signals. The present Hypothesis is that a brief neuronal activity can long-lasting and constant phenomenal content of consciousness. Experimental support is presented that comes from discrepancies between neuronal activity and perception: transient neuronal responses to sustained stimuli, "filling-in," change blindness, identity vs. close resemblance.
大脑的能量供应不足以支持对我们所感知的大量具有时间常数的物体进行持续的神经元处理。因此,大脑被迫将处理资源限制在(最相关的)情况。由此产生的神经元生成的世界在时间上是不连续的。这与以下事实相似,即在所有相关的微观自然基本方程中,时间起着主导作用。当科学家计算这样一个方程的“解”时,对时间的积分是一个必不可少的步骤。本假说表明,从神经元活动到意识现象内容的步骤反映了一种(现象学上的)“解”:意识难以理解的主要根源被认为是由于引入了现象学上具有时间常数的实体。这些实体是通过“填充”积分得到的,尽管神经元数据对于这些实体仅在[具体时间范围]内存在。通过这种方式,世界在现象上呈现出时间上连续的画面。感受质是“初始条件”,是积分所必需的,不能从[具体数据类型]数据中推导出来。现象学上的“同一性”(与“高度相似性”相对)与感受质有关。很少被研究的无意识视觉为这些关系提供了见解。内省地看,未被注意的视觉看起来丰富,因为感知是在很长的时间跨度上累积的,而注意力集中的感知则纯粹依赖于[具体神经元信号类型]神经元信号。本假说认为,短暂的神经元活动可以产生持久且恒定的意识现象内容。文中给出了来自神经元活动与感知之间差异的实验支持:对持续刺激的瞬时神经元反应、“填充”、变化盲视、同一性与高度相似性。