Fuchs Thomas
Phenomenological Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2020 Aug 12;11:1707. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01707. eCollection 2020.
From an embodied and enactive point of view, the mind-body problem has been reformulated as the relation between the lived or subject body on the one hand and the physiological or object body on the other ("body-body problem"). The aim of the paper is to explore the concept of circularity as a means of explaining the relation between the phenomenology of lived experience and the dynamics of organism-environment interactions. This concept of circularity also seems suitable for connecting enactive accounts with ecological psychology. It will be developed in a threefold way: (1) As the , which manifests itself (a) in the homeostatic cycles between the brain and body and (b) in the sensorimotor cycles between the brain, body, and environment. This includes the interdependence of an organism's dispositions of sense-making and the affordances of the environment. (2) As the , which characterizes the relation between parts and whole within the living organism as well as within the organism-environment system. (3) As the in development and learning. Here, it will be argued that subjective experience constitutes a process of sense-making that implies (neuro-)physiological processes so as to form modified neuronal structures, which in turn enable altered future interactions. On this basis, embodied experience may ultimately be conceived as the integration of brain-body and body-environment interactions, which has a top-down, formative, or ordering effect on physiological processes. This will serve as an approach to a solution of the body-body problem.
从具身认知和生成认知的角度来看，身心问题已被重新表述为一方面是体验到的或主体的身体，另一方面是生理的或客体的身体之间的关系（“身体-身体问题”）。本文的目的是探讨循环性的概念，将其作为一种解释生活体验现象学与有机体-环境相互作用动态之间关系的方式。这种循环性概念似乎也适用于将生成认知的观点与生态心理学联系起来。它将从三个方面展开：（1）作为 ，它表现为（a）大脑与身体之间的稳态循环，以及（b）大脑、身体与环境之间的感觉运动循环。这包括有机体意义建构倾向与环境可供性之间的相互依存关系。（2）作为 ，它表征了生物体内部以及生物体-环境系统内部部分与整体之间的关系。（3）作为发展和学习中的 。在此，将论证主观体验构成一个意义建构过程，这意味着（神经）生理过程从而形成经过修改的神经元结构，而这些结构反过来又使未来的相互作用发生改变。在此基础上，具身体验最终可被理解为大脑-身体和身体-环境相互作用的整合，这对生理过程具有自上而下、形成性或有序性的影响。这将作为解决身体-身体问题的一种方法。
