Fanelli Valentina, Mascio Isabella, Falek Wahiba, Miazzi Monica Marilena, Montemurro Cinzia
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Ecole Nationale Superieure de Biotechnologie, Constantine 251000, Algeria.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Feb 10;11(4):480. doi: 10.3390/plants11040480.
Oleaster ( L. subsp. var. ) is the ancestor of cultivated olive ( L. subsp. var. ) and it is spread through the whole Mediterranean Basin, showing an overlapping distribution with cultivated olive trees. Climate change and new emerging diseases are expected to severely affect the cultivations of olive in the future. Oleaster presents a higher genetic variability compared to the cultivated olive and some wild trees were found adapted to particularly harsh conditions; therefore, the role of oleaster in the future of olive cultivation may be crucial. Despite the great potential, only recently the need to deeply characterize and adequately preserve the wild olive resources drew the attention of researchers. In this review, we summarized the most important morphological and genetic studies performed on oleaster trees collected in different countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Moreover, we reviewed the strategies introduced so far to preserve and manage the oleaster germplasm collections, giving a future perspective on their role in facing the future agricultural challenges posed by climatic changes and new emerging diseases.
油橄榄（木犀榄亚种 变种）是栽培橄榄（木犀榄亚种 变种）的祖先，它分布于整个地中海盆地，与栽培橄榄树呈现重叠分布。预计气候变化和新出现的疾病未来将严重影响橄榄种植。与栽培橄榄相比，油橄榄具有更高的遗传变异性，并且发现一些野生树木适应特别恶劣的条件；因此，油橄榄在未来橄榄种植中的作用可能至关重要。尽管潜力巨大，但直到最近，深入表征和妥善保存野生橄榄资源的必要性才引起研究人员的关注。在这篇综述中，我们总结了对在地中海盆地不同国家收集的油橄榄树进行的最重要的形态学和遗传学研究。此外，我们回顾了迄今为止为保存和管理油橄榄种质资源库而引入的策略，并对它们在应对气候变化和新出现的疾病带来的未来农业挑战中的作用给出了未来展望。
