Opačić Nevena, Radman Sanja, Fabek Uher Sanja, Benko Božidar, Voća Sandra, Šic Žlabur Jana
Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Feb 11;11(4):483. doi: 10.3390/plants11040483.
Conventional agricultural production faces numerous challenges due to the pronounced effects of climate change, particularly global warming, and drought more than ever before in history, with the primary concern being to produce adequate yields and high-quality, nutritious plant material. Likewise, people are increasingly looking for new sources of food and are becoming aware of the importance of a varied diet and its connection to health. In this sense, stinging nettle ( L.) stands out as a valuable species that is neglected as a food source, as it has a significant content of specialized metabolites, and thus has an extremely high potential for use both nutritionally and pharmacologically, but is still traditionally collected from natural habitats, so it can be of questionable quality and undefined chemical composition. Therefore, sustainable agricultural practices are increasingly shifting to modern hydroponic cultivation methods in greenhouses. The advantage lies in the easier management and control of a number of factors during cultivation (air temperature and relative humidity, balanced and rational fertilization, minimization of nitrate uptake, etc.), ensuring better conditions for the growth and development of nettle according to its needs. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the technology of stinging nettle cultivation in the field and to show the possibilities of cultivation with modern hydroponic techniques to obtain a final product of consistent and uniform quality, high content of specialized metabolites and significant nutritional value. Research on this topic is still sparse but will certainly increase in the future. Therefore, this review provides all the necessary data for such future studies.
由于气候变化的显著影响，特别是全球变暖以及干旱，传统农业生产面临着前所未有的诸多挑战，首要问题是要实现足够的产量以及生产出高质量、营养丰富的植物材料。同样，人们越来越多地寻找新的食物来源，并逐渐意识到多样化饮食的重要性及其与健康的关联。从这个意义上讲，荨麻（L.）作为一种被忽视的食物来源脱颖而出，因为它含有大量的特殊代谢产物，因此在营养和药理方面具有极高的利用潜力，但传统上它仍从自然栖息地采集，所以其质量可能存疑且化学成分不明确。因此，可持续农业实践正日益转向温室中的现代水培种植方法。其优势在于在种植过程中更容易管理和控制诸多因素（气温和相对湿度、平衡合理施肥、硝酸盐吸收最小化等），能根据荨麻的需求为其生长和发育确保更好的条件。本综述的目的是概述荨麻田间种植技术，并展示利用现代水培技术进行种植以获得质量一致且均匀、特殊代谢产物含量高且具有显著营养价值的最终产品的可能性。关于这一主题的研究仍然稀少，但未来肯定会增加。因此，本综述为这类未来研究提供了所有必要的数据。
