Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000, Senador Salgado Filho Avenue, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 620, Nilo Peçanha Avenue, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-300, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 13;14(4):788. doi: 10.3390/nu14040788.
Inadequate nutrient intake can lead to worse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake and their association with prognosis in 121 adult and elderly outpatients with HF. Habitual micronutrient intake was evaluated using 24-h dietary recalls (minimum 2 and maximum 6). Participants were grouped into moderate ( = 67) and high ( = 54) micronutrient deficiency groups, according to the individual assessment of each micronutrient intake. Patients' sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data and clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) within 24 months were collected. Overall and event-free survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and curves were compared using the log-rank test. The death risk rate (hazard ratio (HR)) was calculated using Cox's univariate model. The rate of inadequate intake was 100% for vitamins B1 and D and above 80% for vitamins B2, B9, and E, calcium, magnesium, and copper. No differences in overall survival and event-free survival were observed between groups of HF outpatients with moderate and high micronutrient deficiencies (HR = 0.94 (CI = 0.36-2.48), = 0.91, and HR = 1.63 (CI = 0.68-3.92), = 0.26, respectively), as well as when the inadequacy of each micronutrient intake was evaluated alone (all > 0.05). In conclusion, a high prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was observed in outpatients with HF. Inadequate micronutrient intake was not associated with hospitalization and mortality in this group of patients.
营养摄入不足可导致心力衰竭（HF）患者的预后更差。本前瞻性队列研究旨在评估 121 例成年和老年 HF 门诊患者微量营养素摄入不足的患病率及其与预后的关系。使用 24 小时膳食回忆法（最少 2 次，最多 6 次）评估习惯性微量营养素摄入。根据每种微量营养素摄入的个体评估，将患者分为中度（n = 67）和高度（n = 54）微量营养素缺乏组。收集患者的社会人口统计学、临床和人体测量数据以及 24 个月内的临床结局（住院和死亡）。使用 Kaplan-Meier 估计计算总生存率和无事件生存率，并使用对数秩检验比较曲线。使用 Cox 单因素模型计算死亡风险率（风险比（HR））。维生素 B1 和 D 的摄入不足率为 100%，维生素 B2、B9 和 E、钙、镁和铜的摄入不足率高于 80%。中度和高度微量营养素缺乏的 HF 门诊患者之间的总生存率和无事件生存率无差异（HR = 0.94（CI = 0.36-2.48）， = 0.91，和 HR = 1.63（CI = 0.68-3.92）， = 0.26），当单独评估每种微量营养素摄入不足时也是如此（均 ＞ 0.05）。结论：HF 门诊患者中存在大量微量营养素摄入不足的情况。在该组患者中，微量营养素摄入不足与住院和死亡无关。
