维生素 D 补充剂预防急性呼吸道感染的疗效：随机对照试验的荟萃分析。

Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplements in Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection: A Meta-Analysis for Randomized Controlled Trials.

机构信息

Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea.

Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2022 Feb 15;14(4):818. doi: 10.3390/nu14040818.

BACKGROUND

Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported inconsistent results regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplements in the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs).

METHODS

We investigated these efficacy results by using a meta-analysis of RCTs. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in June 2021.

RESULTS

Out of 390 trials searched from the database, a total of 30 RCTs involving 30,263 participants were included in the final analysis. In the meta-analysis of all the trials, vitamin D supplementation showed no significant effect in the prevention of ARIs (relative risk (RR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.01, I = 59.0%, = 30). In the subgroup meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation was effective in daily supplementation (RR 0.83, 95% CI, 0.73-0.95, I = 69.1%, = 15) and short-term supplementation (RR 0.83, 95% CI, 0.71-0.97, I = 66.8%, = 13). However, such beneficial effects disappeared in the subgroup meta-analysis of high-quality studies (RR 0.89, 95% CI, 0.78-1.02, I = 67.0%, = 10 assessed by the Jadad scale; RR 0.87, 95% CI, 0.66-1.15, I = 51.0%, = 4 assessed by the Cochrane's risk of bias tool). Additionally, publication bias was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The current meta-analysis found that vitamin D supplementation has no clinical effect in the prevention of ARIs.

背景

先前对随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统评价和荟萃分析报告称，维生素 D 补充剂在预防急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 方面的疗效结果不一致。

方法

我们使用 RCT 的荟萃分析来研究这些疗效结果。我们于 2021 年 6 月检索了 PubMed、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 图书馆。

结果

从数据库中搜索了 390 项试验，共有 30 项 RCT 纳入了最终分析，涉及 30263 名参与者。在所有试验的荟萃分析中，维生素 D 补充剂在预防 ARI 方面没有显著效果（相对风险 (RR) 0.96，95%置信区间 (CI) 0.91-1.01，I = 59.0%， = 30）。在亚组荟萃分析中，维生素 D 补充剂在每日补充（RR 0.83，95%CI，0.73-0.95，I = 69.1%， = 15）和短期补充（RR 0.83，95%CI，0.71-0.97，I = 66.8%， = 13）时有效。然而，在高质量研究（Jadad 量表评估的 RR 0.89，95%CI，0.78-1.02，I = 67.0%， = 10；Cochrane 偏倚风险工具评估的 RR 0.87，95%CI，0.66-1.15，I = 51.0%， = 4）的亚组荟萃分析中，这种有益效果消失了。此外，还观察到了发表偏倚。