Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
Viruses. 2022 Feb 17;14(2):417. doi: 10.3390/v14020417.
Pigs play an important role in agriculture and biomedicine. The globally developing swine industry must address the challenges presented by swine-origin viruses, including ASFV (African swine fever virus), PRRSV (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus), PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), PRV (pseudorabies virus), CSFV (classical swine fever virus), TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus), et al. Despite sustained efforts by many government authorities, these viruses are still widespread. Currently, gene-editing technology has been successfully used to generate antiviral pigs, which offers the possibility for increasing animal disease tolerance and improving animal economic traits in the future. Here, we summarized the current advance in knowledge regarding the host factors in virus infection and the current status of genetically modified pigs that are resistant to virus infection in the world. There has not been any report on PEDV-resistant pigs, ASFV-resistant pigs, and PRV-resistant pigs owing to the poor understanding of the key host factors in virus infection. Furthermore, we summarized the remaining problems in producing virus-resistant pigs, and proposed several potential methods to solve them. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening to explore the key host receptors in virus infection may be a feasible method. At the same time, exploring the key amino acids of host factors in virus infection with library screening based on ABEs and CBEs (Bes) may provide creative insight into producing antiviral pigs in the future.
猪在农业和生物医学中发挥着重要作用。全球不断发展的养猪业必须应对猪源病毒带来的挑战，包括 ASF（非洲猪瘟病毒）、PRRSV（猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒）、PEDV（猪流行性腹泻病毒）、PRV（伪狂犬病病毒）、CSFV（猪瘟病毒）、TGEV（传染性胃肠炎病毒）等。尽管许多政府当局做出了持续努力，但这些病毒仍然广泛存在。目前，基因编辑技术已成功用于生成抗病毒猪，这为未来提高动物疾病耐受性和改善动物经济性状提供了可能。在这里，我们总结了目前关于病毒感染宿主因素的知识进展，以及世界范围内对病毒感染具有抗性的基因修饰猪的现状。由于对病毒感染中关键宿主因素的了解不足，尚未有关于抗 PEDV、抗 ASFV 和抗 PRV 猪的报道。此外，我们总结了生产抗病毒猪所存在的剩余问题，并提出了几种潜在的解决方法。使用全基因组 CRISPR/Cas9 文库筛选来探索病毒感染中的关键宿主受体可能是一种可行的方法。同时，利用 ABEs 和 CBEs（Bes）的文库筛选来探索病毒感染中宿主因子的关键氨基酸，可能为未来生产抗病毒猪提供创造性的见解。
