Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 15;23(4):2129. doi: 10.3390/ijms23042129.
Improvement of crop climate resilience will require an understanding of whole-plant adaptation to specific local environments. This review places features of plant form and function related to photosynthetic productivity, as well as associated gene-expression patterns, into the context of the adaptation of ecotypes to local environments with different climates in Sweden and Italy. The growth of plants under common cool conditions resulted in a proportionally greater emphasis on the maintenance of photosynthetic activity in the Swedish ecotype. This is compared to a greater emphasis on downregulation of light-harvesting antenna size and upregulation of a host of antioxidant enzymes in the Italian ecotype under these conditions. This differential response is discussed in the context of the climatic patterns of the ecotypes' native habitats with substantial opportunity for photosynthetic productivity under mild temperatures in Italy but not in Sweden. The Swedish ecotype's response is likened to pushing forward at full speed with productivity under low temperature versus the Italian ecotype's response of staying safe from harm (maintaining redox homeostasis) while letting productivity decline when temperatures are transiently cold. It is concluded that either strategy can offer directions for the development of climate-resilient crops for specific locations of cultivation.
提高作物对气候的适应能力需要了解植物对特定局部环境的整体适应能力。本综述将与光合作用生产力相关的植物形态和功能特征，以及相关的基因表达模式，置于瑞典和意大利不同气候条件下生态型适应的背景下。在常见凉爽条件下生长的植物，瑞典生态型更注重维持光合作用活性，而意大利生态型则更注重下调光捕获天线的大小，并上调大量抗氧化酶。在意大利，温和的温度条件下有大量的光合作用生产力的机会，而在瑞典则没有，这种差异反应在生态型原生栖息地的气候模式的背景下进行了讨论。瑞典生态型的反应类似于在低温下全速前进以提高生产力，而意大利生态型的反应则是在温度暂时寒冷时保持安全（维持氧化还原平衡），同时让生产力下降。结论是，这两种策略都可以为特定种植地点的气候适应作物的发展提供方向。
