Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, India.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176062, India.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 17;23(4):2217. doi: 10.3390/ijms23042217.
Grain legumes are a key food source for ensuring global food security and sustaining agriculture. However, grain legume production is challenged by growing disease incidence due to global climate change. Ascochyta blight (AB) is a major disease, causing substantial yield losses in grain legumes worldwide. Harnessing the untapped reserve of global grain legume germplasm, landraces, and crop wild relatives (CWRs) could help minimize yield losses caused by AB infection in grain legumes. Several genetic determinants controlling AB resistance in various grain legumes have been identified following classical genetic and conventional breeding approaches. However, the advent of molecular markers, biparental quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies, genomic resources developed from various genome sequence assemblies, and whole-genome resequencing of global germplasm has revealed AB-resistant gene(s)/QTL/genomic regions/haplotypes on various linkage groups. These genomics resources allow plant breeders to embrace genomics-assisted selection for developing/transferring AB-resistant genomic regions to elite cultivars with great precision. Likewise, advances in functional genomics, especially transcriptomics and proteomics, have assisted in discovering possible candidate gene(s) and proteins and the underlying molecular mechanisms of AB resistance in various grain legumes. We discuss how emerging cutting-edge next-generation breeding tools, such as rapid generation advancement, field-based high-throughput phenotyping tools, genomic selection, and CRISPR/Cas9, could be used for fast-tracking AB-resistant grain legumes to meet the increasing demand for grain legume-based protein diets and thus ensuring global food security.
谷物豆类是确保全球粮食安全和维持农业的重要食物来源。然而，由于全球气候变化导致疾病发病率不断上升，谷物豆类的生产受到了挑战。壳二孢叶斑病（AB）是一种主要病害，在全球范围内导致谷物豆类产量大幅下降。利用全球谷物豆类种质资源、地方品种和作物野生近缘种（CWRs）的未开发储备，可以帮助减少 AB 感染对谷物豆类造成的产量损失。在采用经典遗传和常规育种方法后，已经确定了几种控制各种谷物豆类对 AB 抗性的遗传决定因素。然而，随着分子标记、双亲数量性状位点（QTL）作图、全基因组关联研究、基于各种基因组序列组装的基因组资源以及全球种质的全基因组重测序的出现，揭示了各种连锁群上具有 AB 抗性的基因/QTL/基因组区域/单倍型。这些基因组资源使植物育种家能够利用基因组辅助选择，非常精确地开发/转移 AB 抗性基因组区域到优良品种中。同样，功能基因组学，特别是转录组学和蛋白质组学的进步，也有助于发现各种谷物豆类中 AB 抗性的可能候选基因和蛋白质以及潜在的分子机制。我们讨论了新兴的前沿下一代育种工具，如快速世代进展、基于田间的高通量表型工具、基因组选择和 CRISPR/Cas9，如何用于快速培育 AB 抗性谷物豆类，以满足对基于谷物豆类的蛋白质饮食的日益增长的需求，从而确保全球粮食安全。
