Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 17;23(4):2234. doi: 10.3390/ijms23042234.
It is now well understood that the bone marrow (BM) compartment can sense systemic inflammatory signals and adapt through increased proliferation and lineage skewing. These coordinated and dynamic alterations in responding hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as in cells of the bone marrow niche, are increasingly viewed as key contributors to the inflammatory response. Growth factors, cytokines, metabolites, microbial products, and other signals can cause dysregulation across the entire hematopoietic hierarchy, leading to lineage-skewing and even long-term functional adaptations in bone marrow progenitor cells. These alterations may play a central role in the chronicity of disease as well as the links between many common chronic disorders. The possible existence of a form of "memory" in bone marrow progenitor cells is thought to contribute to innate immune responses via the generation of trained immunity (also called innate immune memory). These findings highlight how hematopoietic progenitors dynamically adapt to meet the demand for innate immune cells and how this adaptive response may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the context. In this review, we will discuss the role of bone marrow progenitor cells and their microenvironment in shaping the scope and scale of the immune response in health and disease.
现在人们已经充分认识到，骨髓（BM）可以感知全身炎症信号，并通过增加增殖和谱系偏向来适应。这种对造血干细胞和祖细胞（HSPC）以及骨髓龛细胞的协调和动态变化，被越来越多地视为炎症反应的关键贡献者。生长因子、细胞因子、代谢物、微生物产物和其他信号可以导致整个造血层次结构的失调，导致谱系偏向，甚至骨髓祖细胞的长期功能适应。这些改变可能在疾病的慢性化以及许多常见慢性疾病之间的联系中发挥核心作用。骨髓祖细胞中可能存在一种“记忆”形式，通过产生训练有素的免疫（也称为固有免疫记忆）来促进固有免疫反应。这些发现强调了造血祖细胞如何动态适应以满足先天免疫细胞的需求，以及这种适应性反应在何种情况下可能有益或有害。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论骨髓祖细胞及其微环境在塑造健康和疾病中免疫反应的范围和规模方面的作用。
