State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022 May 1;113(1):192-202. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.01.036. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Radioresistance has always been a major obstacle in radiation therapy (RT) progress. Radiation therapy (RT) leads to changes in the contents of released exosomes. Research has shown that irradiated cell-derived exosomes influence recipient cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. All evidence indicates that exosomes play a significant role in radioresistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of exosomes in cancer. We summarize that the irradiated cell-derived exosomes influence radioresistance in recipient cells by 3 main mechanisms: (1) enhancing DNA repair, (2) regulating cell death signaling pathways, and (3) inducing cancer cells to exhibit stem cell properties. We also discuss that the origin of the phenomenon might be the changes of molecular mechanisms of irradiated cell-derived exosomes formation affected by RT. Further, targeting exosomes as an adjuvant therapy might be a promising way for cancer treatments.
放射抗拒一直是放射治疗 (RT) 进展的主要障碍。放射治疗 (RT) 导致释放的外泌体内容物发生变化。研究表明,辐照细胞衍生的外泌体影响受体细胞的增殖、迁移、细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡。所有证据表明外泌体在放射抗拒中起重要作用。在这篇综述中,我们描述了外泌体在癌症中的潜在作用。我们总结认为,辐照细胞衍生的外泌体通过 3 种主要机制影响受体细胞的放射抗拒:(1)增强 DNA 修复,(2)调节细胞死亡信号通路,(3)诱导癌细胞表现出干细胞特性。我们还讨论了这种现象的起源可能是 RT 影响放射细胞衍生的外泌体形成的分子机制的变化。此外,将外泌体作为辅助治疗的靶点可能是癌症治疗的一种有前途的方法。