State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Int J Oral Sci. 2024 Jan 15;16(1):4. doi: 10.1038/s41368-023-00274-9.
Oral diseases, such as periodontitis, salivary gland diseases, and oral cancers, significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions, pronunciation, and esthetic demands. Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients' prognosis and quality of life. The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine. Exosomes, which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles, are secreted by virtually all types of cells. As the research continues, the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded. Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases, focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas. We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis, highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases. We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.
口腔疾病，如牙周炎、唾液腺疾病和口腔癌，由于其对患者消化功能、发音和美观需求的不利影响，严重影响健康状况。诊断延迟和非靶向治疗对患者的预后和生活质量有深远的影响。探索创新方法进行早期检测和精确治疗是口腔医学的一个有前途的前沿领域。外泌体是一种纳米大小的细胞外囊泡，几乎所有类型的细胞都能分泌。随着研究的不断深入，这些细胞内衍生的细胞外囊泡在生物过程中的复杂作用逐渐显现出来。外泌体因其能够传递丰富的生物 cargo 并在多种细胞功能中发挥复杂作用，作为有价值的诊断和治疗工具而受到关注。在本综述中，我们概述了外泌体在口腔疾病领域的最新应用，重点关注与炎症相关的骨疾病和口腔鳞状细胞癌。我们描述了外泌体的变化，并展示了它们作为早期诊断生物标志物的潜在应用，强调了它们在多种口腔疾病中的指示作用。我们还总结了外泌体在靶向治疗中的应用前景，并提出了未来在临床治疗中使用外泌体的方向。
