Department of Gastroenterology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Center for Digestive Health, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, 1100 9th Ave., Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
Adv Ther. 2022 Apr;39(4):1524-1552. doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02070-z. Epub 2022 Feb 27.
Viral hepatitis remains a significant global health problem. All forms of viral hepatitis A through E (A-E) can lead to acute symptomatic infection, while hepatitis B and C can lead to chronic infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality related to progression to cirrhosis, end-stage-liver disease, and liver cancer. Viral hepatitis occurs worldwide, though certain regions are disproportionately affected. We now, remarkably, have highly effective curative regimens for hepatitis C, and safe and tolerable medications to suppress hepatitis B activity, and to prevent liver damage and slow disease progression. We have effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B which provide long-lasting immunity, while improved sanitation and awareness can curb outbreaks of hepatitis A and E. However, more effective and available preventive and curative strategies are needed to achieve global eradication of viral hepatitis. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, and clinical features of each viral hepatitis with a primary focus on current and future therapeutic and curative options.
病毒性肝炎仍然是一个重大的全球健康问题。所有形式的病毒性肝炎 A 至 E（A-E）都可能导致急性有症状感染，而乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎可能导致慢性感染，与进展为肝硬化、终末期肝病和肝癌相关的发病率和死亡率显著相关。病毒性肝炎在全球范围内发生，尽管某些地区受到的影响不成比例。我们现在拥有非常有效的丙型肝炎治疗方案，以及安全且耐受的药物来抑制乙型肝炎的活动，预防肝损伤和减缓疾病进展。我们有针对甲型和乙型肝炎的有效疫苗，可提供持久的免疫力，而改善卫生条件和提高认识可以遏制甲型和戊型肝炎的爆发。然而，需要更有效和更可获得的预防和治疗策略，以实现全球消除病毒性肝炎。本综述概述了每种病毒性肝炎的流行病学、传播、诊断和临床特征，主要关注当前和未来的治疗和治愈选择。
