Division of Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Via Guido Reni 1, 04100 Latina, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2022 Mar;14(1):29-39. doi: 10.1016/j.ccep.2021.10.004. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 can affect the cardiovascular system yielding a wide range of complications, including acute myocardial injury. The myocardium can be damaged by direct viral invasion or indirect mechanisms, sustained by systemic inflammation, immune-mediated response, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Myocardial injury affects about one-quarter of patients with COVID-19, can manifest even in the absence of previous cardiovascular disease, and is associated to higher mortality rates and long-term sequelae. This review describes the pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial injury and infarction and discusses the main clinical outcomes and diagnostic challenges associated with myocardial damage during COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 可影响心血管系统，产生多种并发症，包括急性心肌损伤。心肌可能通过直接病毒侵袭或间接机制（由全身炎症、免疫介导反应和肾素-血管紧张素系统失调引起）受到损伤。心肌损伤影响约四分之一的 COVID-19 患者，即使在没有先前心血管疾病的情况下也可能发生，并且与更高的死亡率和长期后遗症相关。这篇综述描述了心肌损伤和梗死的病理生理学机制，并讨论了与 COVID-19 期间心肌损伤相关的主要临床结果和诊断挑战。
