Wang Sijian, Wang Biyao, Shang Dehao, Zhang Kaige, Yan Xu, Zhang Xinwen
Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
Front Physiol. 2022 Feb 9;13:814285. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814285. eCollection 2022.
Astrocytes play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). Ion channels in these cells not only function in ion transport, and maintain water/ion metabolism homeostasis, but also participate in physiological processes of neurons and glial cells by regulating signaling pathways. Increasing evidence indicates the ion channel proteins of astrocytes, such as aquaporins (AQPs), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels, and P2X7 receptors (P2X7R), are strongly associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and characteristic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since ion channel protein dysfunction is a significant pathological feature of astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases, we discuss these critical proteins and their signaling pathways in order to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, which may yield new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统（CNS）中发挥着重要作用。这些细胞中的离子通道不仅在离子转运中起作用，维持水/离子代谢稳态，还通过调节信号通路参与神经元和神经胶质细胞的生理过程。越来越多的证据表明，星形胶质细胞的离子通道蛋白，如水通道蛋白（AQP）、瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）敏感性钾（K-ATP）通道和P2X7受体（P2X7R），与氧化应激、神经炎症以及神经退行性疾病（包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿病（HD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS））中的特征性蛋白密切相关。由于离子通道蛋白功能障碍是神经退行性疾病中星形胶质细胞的一个重要病理特征，我们讨论这些关键蛋白及其信号通路，以了解潜在的分子机制，这可能为神经退行性疾病产生新的治疗靶点。
