Ciarrochi Joseph, Hayes Steven C, Oades Lindsay G, Hofmann Stefan G
Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States.
Front Psychol. 2022 Feb 10;12:809362. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.809362. eCollection 2021.
Since 2000, research within positive psychology has exploded, as reflected in dozens of meta-analyses of different interventions and targeted processes, including strength spotting, positive affect, meaning in life, mindfulness, gratitude, hope, and passion. Frequently, researchers treat positive psychology processes of change as distinct from each other and unrelated to processes in clinical psychology. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for positive psychology processes that crosses theoretical orientation, links coherently to clinical psychology and its more dominantly "negative" processes, and supports practitioners in their efforts to personalize positive psychological interventions. We argue that a multi-dimensional and multi-level extended evolutionary approach can organize effective processes of change in psychosocial interventions, by focusing interventions on context-appropriate variation, selection, and retention of processes, arranged in terms of key biopsychosocial dimensions across psychological, biophysiological, and sociocultural levels of analysis. We review widely studied positive psychology constructs and programs and show how this evolutionary approach can readily accommodate them and provide a common language and framework for improving human and community flourishing. We conclude that Interventions should start with the person, not the protocol.
自2000年以来，积极心理学领域的研究呈爆发式增长，这在对不同干预措施和目标过程的数十项元分析中得到了体现，这些过程包括优势发现、积极情绪、生活意义、正念、感恩、希望和激情等。研究人员常常将积极心理学的改变过程视为彼此不同且与临床心理学的过程无关。本文提出了一个适用于积极心理学过程的综合框架，该框架跨越理论取向，与临床心理学及其更为主导的“消极”过程紧密相连，并支持从业者将积极心理干预个性化的努力。我们认为，一种多维和多层次的扩展进化方法能够通过将干预重点放在适合情境的过程变异、选择和保留上，来组织心理社会干预中有效的改变过程，这些过程依据心理、生物生理和社会文化等关键生物心理社会维度在心理、生物生理和社会文化分析层面进行排列。我们回顾了广泛研究的积极心理学结构和项目，并展示了这种进化方法如何能够轻松地接纳它们，并为促进人类和社区的繁荣提供一种通用语言和框架。我们得出结论，干预应该从人出发，而非从方案出发。
