Franco Brittany N, Asano Shinichi
Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Jan 21;14(1):e21483. doi: 10.7759/cureus.21483. eCollection 2022 Jan.
Background Although there have been several studies associating obesity with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, the potential impact of the pandemic on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence is less clear. Furthermore, reports on the characteristics of these patients during the pandemic have been scarce. Objectives The purpose of this retrospective study was 1) to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on T2DM and MetS incidence, and 2) to describe sex-based differences in the characteristics of T2DM and MetS patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using electronic health records (EHRs) obtained from the USA-based TriNetX research database (TriNetX, Cambridge, MA), the incidence and the total number of patients with "T2DM (ICD-10-CM: E11)" and "MetS (ICD-10-CM: E88.81)" prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic were determined. Aggregate lab data from EHRs were extracted and statistical analyses on the lab values and patient demographics including sex, race/ethnicity, and comorbidities were performed. Results After analyzing T2DM and MetS patient data from 2018, 2019, and 2020, we observed a considerable decrease in both T2DM and MetS incidence, with data in April 2020 exhibiting the largest decrease when compared to other months. Furthermore, monthly male T2DM and MetS patients' lab data revealed worsening parameters in April 2020, such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) and blood glucose, when compared to females. Demographic data during 2020 revealed that male T2DM and MetS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure, but female T2DM and MetS patients had significantly higher asthma comorbidity. Conclusions During 2020, there was a marked decrease in T2DM and MetS diagnosis. Due to a lack of screening, these data may suggest a subsequent increase in T2DM and MetS-related heart disease in the future and may magnify the existing sex-related differences identified in these patients.
尽管已有多项研究将肥胖与严重的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）结局相关联，但大流行对2型糖尿病（T2DM）和代谢综合征（MetS）发病率的潜在影响尚不清楚。此外，关于这些患者在大流行期间特征的报告也很稀少。目的：这项回顾性研究的目的是1）探讨COVID-19大流行对T2DM和MetS发病率的影响，以及2）描述COVID-19大流行期间T2DM和MetS患者特征的性别差异。方法：使用从美国TriNetX研究数据库（TriNetX，马萨诸塞州剑桥）获得的电子健康记录（EHR），确定COVID-19大流行之前和期间“T2DM（国际疾病分类第十版临床修订本：E11）”和“MetS（国际疾病分类第十版临床修订本：E88.81）”患者的发病率和总数。提取EHR中的汇总实验室数据，并对实验室值以及包括性别、种族/民族和合并症在内的患者人口统计学进行统计分析。结果：在分析了2018年、2019年和2020年的T2DM和MetS患者数据后，我们观察到T2DM和MetS发病率均显著下降，与其他月份相比，2020年4月的数据下降幅度最大。此外，每月男性T2DM和MetS患者的实验室数据显示，与女性相比，2020年4月的参数如糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）和血糖有所恶化。2020年的人口统计学数据显示，男性T2DM和MetS患者合并症的患病率显著更高，包括高血压、缺血性心脏病和心力衰竭，但女性T2DM和MetS患者哮喘合并症的患病率显著更高。结论：2020年期间，T2DM和MetS的诊断显著减少。由于缺乏筛查，这些数据可能表明未来T2DM和MetS相关心脏病的发病率会随后上升，并可能扩大这些患者中已发现的现有的性别差异。
