Najm Mehdi, Pourhajibagher Maryam, Badirzadeh Alireza, Razmjou Elham, Alipour Maryam, Khoshmirsafa Majid, Bahador Abbas, Hadighi Ramtin
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Public Health. 2021 Oct;50(10):2111-2120. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v50i10.7514.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is alternative treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and phenolthiazine dyes such as Toluidine Blue O (TBO) have the potential role in PDT and notably affect parasites inactivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT by using TBO and a light-emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of zoonotic CL (ZCL).
The study was conducted in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018-2020. Different concentration (7.8 μg/mL up to 500 μg/mL) of TBO as a photosensitizer and a 630 nm LED light as a source of light were used for antileishmanial activity against both forms of promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Effective concentration (EC) and cell cytotoxicity (CC) were calculated in both infected and non-infected J774.A1 macrophages, respectively. As well as inhibitory concentration (IC) was quantified in promastigotes for 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after incubation using a MTT colorimetric assay.
TBO dye in combination with the PDT significantly decreases the promastigotes and intra-cellular amastigotes viability when compared with TBO alone. Both TBO dye in combination with the PDT and TBO alone had no toxic effects on the mice macrophages; however, it significantly killed the entered parasites inside the cells. Our results in the current study established satisfactory findings in clearing intracellular parasites in in-vitro conditions.
TBO dye in combination with the PDT can be considered as a harmless, effective and importantly perfect treatment against causative agent of ZCL, in an in-vitro situation without any negative toxicity to the mice macrophages.
光动力疗法（PDT）是皮肤利什曼病（CL）的替代治疗方法，诸如甲苯胺蓝O（TBO）等吩噻嗪染料在PDT中具有潜在作用，且对寄生虫灭活有显著影响。本研究旨在评估使用TBO和发光二极管（LED）的光动力疗法在治疗动物源性皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）中的有效性。
该研究于2018 - 2020年在伊朗德黑兰医科大学进行。使用不同浓度（7.8μg/mL至500μg/mL）的TBO作为光敏剂以及630nm的LED光作为光源，对前鞭毛体和细胞内无鞭毛体两种形式进行抗利什曼原虫活性研究。分别计算感染和未感染的J774.A1巨噬细胞中的有效浓度（EC）和细胞毒性（CC）。此外，使用MTT比色法对前鞭毛体孵育2小时、24小时和48小时后的抑制浓度（IC）进行定量分析。
与单独使用TBO相比，TBO染料联合光动力疗法显著降低了前鞭毛体和细胞内无鞭毛体的活力。TBO染料联合光动力疗法和单独使用TBO对小鼠巨噬细胞均无毒性作用；然而，它能显著杀死细胞内侵入的寄生虫。我们在当前研究中的结果在体外清除细胞内寄生虫方面取得了令人满意的结果。
在体外情况下，TBO染料联合光动力疗法可被视为一种无害、有效且重要的针对ZCL病原体的完美治疗方法，对小鼠巨噬细胞无任何负面毒性。
