Preparation and field study of combined vaccine against type A and bovine viral diarrhea virus in camels.

PURPOSE

The key objective of this study was to formulate a local combined inactivated gel adjuvanted vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-1, BVDV-2 viruses and type A toxoid. The study evaluated its ability to enhance protective active immune response in camels' calves against these infectious pathogens under field conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The local BVDV cytopathic strains and a local strain of toxigenic type A were used in vaccines formulation. Vaccines A and B were monovalent vaccines against and both strains of BVDVs, respectively. While the vaccine C was the combined vaccine used against the three agents. All vaccines were adjuvanted with Montanide gel. Sterility, safety, and potency tests were applied on the formulated vaccines. Virus neutralization and toxin anti-toxin neutralization tests were used to evaluate the immune responses.

RESULTS

Both monovalent (vaccine A) and combined vaccines (vaccine C) showed a protective level (4.5 and 3 IU/mL, respectively) against from the 2nd-week post-vaccination. The titer declined to 3 and 2 IU/mL, respectively at the 5th-month post-vaccination. The titer against BVDV, the monovalent vaccine (vaccine B) reached the beak (1.95 IU/mL) at the 1st-month post-vaccination and lasted till 6th-month post-vaccination (0.92 and 0.94 IU/mL) for BVDV-1a and BVDV-2, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Vaccination of camels with the combined vaccine adjuvanted by Montanide gel containing type A toxoid and BVDV strains with 6-month intervals is recommended to protect camels safely and efficiently against such infections in the field.