Seidel H, Heide R
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1986;58(1):1-26. doi: 10.1007/BF00378536.
The relevant literature on the long-term effects of whole-body vibration (wbv) was analyzed in order to obtain condensed information concerning a possibly higher health risk due to long-term exposure, the relationships between the quality of exposure (intensity, duration, frequency) and pathological effects, the significance of individual factors, conclusions for standard setting, and medical health care of workers exposed to wbv. Vibration exposure was characterized by measured values in one third of papers, whereas more than 30% of the publications selected did not contain any exposure data. Health data of about 43 000 workers exposed to wbv and 24 000 persons in control groups were reported. The results indicate an increased health risk of the spine and of the peripheral nervous system after intense long-term wbv. With a lower probability, the digestive system, the peripheral veins, the female reproductive organs, and the vestibular system were also affected. Long-term effects on other organs cannot be precluded. Wbv can worsen certain endogenous conditions. Specific diagnostic features of pathological changes induced by wbv with frequencies below 20 Hz do not exist. On average, the health risk increases with higher intensity or duration of exposure, however, quantitative exposure-effect relationships cannot be derived at present. Since wbv near the Exposure Limit of the International Standard IS 2631 is not completely safe, this survey provides arguments in favour of a lower limit. Contra-indications for professional exposure to wbv and further research needs are discussed.
分析了关于全身振动（WBV）长期影响的相关文献，以获取有关长期暴露可能带来更高健康风险、暴露质量（强度、持续时间、频率）与病理效应之间的关系、个体因素的意义、标准制定的结论以及暴露于WBV的工人的医疗保健等方面的简明信息。三分之一的论文通过测量值来描述振动暴露情况，而所选出版物中超过30%没有包含任何暴露数据。报告了约43000名暴露于WBV的工人和24000名对照组人员的健康数据。结果表明，长期高强度的WBV会增加脊柱和周围神经系统的健康风险。消化系统、外周静脉、女性生殖器官和前庭系统也有较低概率受到影响。不能排除对其他器官的长期影响。WBV会使某些内源性状况恶化。不存在频率低于20Hz的WBV引起的病理变化的特定诊断特征。平均而言，健康风险会随着暴露强度或持续时间的增加而增加，然而，目前尚无法得出定量的暴露-效应关系。由于接近国际标准IS 2631暴露极限的WBV并非完全安全，本次调查为设定更低的限值提供了依据。讨论了职业暴露于WBV的禁忌症和进一步的研究需求。
