Deng Yuan-Jie, Hou Meng-Yang, Jia Lei, Wang Ya-Qin, Zhang Xiao, Yao Shun-Bo
College of Economics & Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Research Center for Resource Economics and Environment Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Jan;33(1):159-168. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202201.019.
The conflict between ecological protection and socio-economic development in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March can be addressed by ecological compensation. In this study, we collected 2018 data of land use, net primary productivity of vegetation, climate factors and so on. The ecosystem service value of 310 counties in the old revolutionary base areas was calculated using the data and modified equivalent factor. Then, the regional differentiated ecological compensation estimation method was applied to estimate the priority and amount of ecological compensation within the area. We further proposed the ecological compensation strategy adopted for the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March. The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March amounted to 2593.74 billion yuan in 2018. Forest services took the highest proportion (58.8%), followed by grassland and waters. The total amount of ecological compensation made for the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March reached 183.405 billion yuan. Compared with this amount, there was a large gap in the actual compensation funds available to the region. In addition, the total amount of ecological compensation accounted for only 0.04% of the aggregate GDP in this area, which put some strain on local fiscal resources and showed certain viability in ecological compensation. In 2018, totally 100 old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March were designated as the priority areas for ecological compensation, consistent with the national key eco-function zone policy. However, there were deviations in the allocation of ecological compensation funds, with some priority areas receiving no compensation. As for the compensation strategy, it is necessary to put in place a diversified, market-oriented and comprehensive ecological compensation mechanism to increase the sources of ecological compensation funds at first. Then, efforts should be continued to optimize the spatial selection of ecological compensation in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March and to improve the efficiency of regional ecological compensation mechanism.
生态补偿可以解决长征沿线革命老区生态保护与社会经济发展之间的矛盾。本研究收集了2018年土地利用、植被净初级生产力、气候因子等数据。利用这些数据和修正后的当量因子，计算了革命老区310个县的生态系统服务价值。然后，采用区域差异化生态补偿估算方法，估算了区内生态补偿的优先级和额度。我们进一步提出了长征沿线革命老区应采取的生态补偿策略。结果表明，2018年长征沿线革命老区生态系统服务总价值达259374亿元。森林服务占比最高（58.8%），其次是草地和水域。长征沿线革命老区生态补偿总额达1834.05亿元。与这一数额相比，该地区实际可获得的补偿资金存在较大差距。此外，生态补偿总额仅占该地区GDP总量的0.04%，给地方财政带来了一定压力，生态补偿具有一定可行性。2018年，共有100个长征沿线革命老区被确定为生态补偿重点区域，与国家重点生态功能区政策一致。然而，生态补偿资金分配存在偏差，部分重点区域未获得补偿。在补偿策略方面，首先要建立多元化、市场化、综合性的生态补偿机制，增加生态补偿资金来源。然后，应继续努力优化长征沿线革命老区生态补偿的空间选择，提高区域生态补偿机制的效率。
