Bavia Lorena, Santiesteban-Lores Lazara Elena, Carneiro Milena Carvalho, Prodocimo Maritana Mela
Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Apr;123:61-74. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.013. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
As the earliest known vertebrate possessing a complete immune system, teleost fish played an important role in the evolution of this system. The complement system is an ancient defense mechanism present in invertebrates and vertebrates. In teleost fish the complement system is formed by more than 35 circulating proteins, or found at the cell surface. This system is activated by three pathways: alternative, classical and lectin, generating functions such as the opsonization, lysis and modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. The complement system is an important immunological indicator that can be used to study and monitor the effects of environmental, nutritional, and infectious processes. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a teleost fish of great economic interest due to its characteristics of easy cultivation, high growth rates, and tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. In addition, Nile tilapia is an excellent model for ecotoxicological studies, however, there are very few studies reporting the performance of the complement system in this species after exposure to environmental pollutants. The aim of this review is to gather recent studies with to address the molecular and functional characterizations of the complement system in Nile tilapia and provide new insights about this defense mechanism. Looking to the future, we believe that the complement system analysis in Tilapia can be used as a biomarker of water quality and the general health status of fish.
作为已知最早拥有完整免疫系统的脊椎动物，硬骨鱼在该系统的进化中发挥了重要作用。补体系统是一种存在于无脊椎动物和脊椎动物中的古老防御机制。在硬骨鱼中，补体系统由35种以上的循环蛋白组成，或存在于细胞表面。该系统通过替代途径、经典途径和凝集素途径激活，产生调理作用、细胞溶解作用以及调节固有免疫和适应性免疫反应等功能。补体系统是一种重要的免疫学指标，可用于研究和监测环境、营养和感染过程的影响。尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）因其易于养殖、生长速度快和对不利环境条件的耐受性等特点，是一种具有重大经济价值的硬骨鱼。此外，尼罗罗非鱼是生态毒理学研究的优秀模型，然而，很少有研究报道该物种在接触环境污染物后补体系统的表现。本综述的目的是收集近期研究，以阐述尼罗罗非鱼补体系统的分子和功能特征，并提供有关这种防御机制的新见解。展望未来，我们相信罗非鱼的补体系统分析可作为水质和鱼类总体健康状况的生物标志物。
