Adineh Hossein, Yousefi Morteza, Al Sulivany Basim S A, Ahmadifar Ehsan, Farhangi Mohammad, Hoseini Seyyed Morteza
Department of Fisheries Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran.
Department of Veterinary Medicine RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia.
Aquac Nutr. 2024 Aug 27;2024:1388002. doi: 10.1155/2024/1388002. eCollection 2024.
The present study assessed the effects of dietary yeast, , and costmary, , essential oil on growth performance, biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, . Four diets containing 1 g/kg yeast (Sc), 0.1 g/kg costmary essential oil (Tb), 1 g/kg yeast + 0.1 g/kg costmary essential oil (Sc + Tb), and without Sc and Tb (control) were formulated and fed (2.5% per day) to triplicate groups of fish (average: 9.8 g; SD : 0.12) for 8 weeks. Each replicate was a 70-L tank, stocked with 25 fish. Then, the fish were intraperitoneally challenged by , and blood samples were taken from the fish before and 12 hr postinfection. All experimental groups showed significantly higher growth performance and feed efficiency, compared to the control, and the highest values were related to Sc + Tb treatment ( < 0.001). Sc group showed significant elevations in the intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities, but Tb group showed only elevation in lipase activity. The highest amylase (=0.026), lipase (=0.036), and protease (=0.009) activities were observed in Sc + Tb treatment. The postchallenge survival of Sc (70.0%), Tb (73.3%), and Sc + Tb (76.6%) treatments were significantly (=0.038) higher than the control (56.6%). Bacterial challenge significantly increased plasma cortisol, glucose, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, but decreased lysozyme, alternative complement, albumin, globulin, and catalase ( < 0.001). The Tb treatment showed improvements in plasma antioxidant, immunological, and biochemical parameters, compared to the Sc treatment. The Sc + Tb treatment showed the highest albumin, globulin, lysozyme, total immunoglobulin, alternative complement, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, but the lowest cortisol, glucose, malondialdehyde, and catalase, before/after the challenge ( < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary Sc + Tb supplementation positively affects growth performance, antioxidant, and immunological responses, thereby augments resistance of Nile tilapia to infection.
本研究评估了日粮中添加酵母、艾菊精油对尼罗罗非鱼生长性能、生化参数和抗病力的影响。配制了四种日粮，分别含有1 g/kg酵母（Sc）、0.1 g/kg艾菊精油（Tb）、1 g/kg酵母 + 0.1 g/kg艾菊精油（Sc + Tb）以及不添加Sc和Tb的对照组，以每天2.5%的投喂量投喂三组罗非鱼（平均体重：9.8 g；标准差：0.12），为期8周。每个重复组为一个70升的水箱，放养25尾鱼。然后，对鱼进行腹腔注射攻毒，并在攻毒前和攻毒后12小时采集鱼的血液样本。与对照组相比，所有实验组的生长性能和饲料效率均显著提高，其中Sc + Tb处理组的值最高（P < 0.001）。Sc组的肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性显著升高，但Tb组仅脂肪酶活性升高。Sc + Tb处理组的淀粉酶（P = 0.026）、脂肪酶（P = 0.036）和蛋白酶（P = 0.009）活性最高。Sc（70.0%）、Tb（73.3%）和Sc + Tb（76.6%）处理组攻毒后的存活率显著高于对照组（56.6%）（P = 0.038）。细菌攻毒显著增加了血浆皮质醇、葡萄糖、丙二醛、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶，但降低了溶菌酶、替代补体、白蛋白、球蛋白和过氧化氢酶（P < 0.001）。与Sc处理组相比，Tb处理组的血浆抗氧化、免疫和生化参数有所改善。Sc + Tb处理组在攻毒前后的白蛋白、球蛋白、溶菌酶、总免疫球蛋白、替代补体、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶含量最高，但皮质醇、葡萄糖、丙二醛和过氧化氢酶含量最低（P < 0.001）。总之，日粮中添加Sc + Tb对尼罗罗非鱼的生长性能、抗氧化和免疫反应有积极影响，从而增强了尼罗罗非鱼对感染的抵抗力。
