Patzina Alexander, Dietrich Hans
Institute for Employment Research, Germany (IAB), Germany.
SSM Popul Health. 2022 Mar;17:101054. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101054. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Vaccines against COVID-19 play a prominent role in the policies enacted to combat the pandemic. However, vaccination rates are lowest among adolescents and young adults. Therefore, research on younger individuals is needed to provide a deeper understanding of social disparities and the motives behind vaccination intentions.
This study draws on a sample (N = 4079) of German high school students and graduates. Based on cross-sectional data from March to July 2021 and linear regression models, which are conditioned on personality, risk preferences, and trust, the study analyses social disparities (i.e., gender, parental education and migration background) in vaccination intentions.
We do not find heterogeneity by gender. Individuals with low-educated parents and a migration background indicate below-average levels of vaccination intention. Differences in solidarity beliefs entirely explain the heterogeneity between individuals with low-educated parents and those with high-educated parents. While differences in beliefs explain a substantial part of the heterogeneity in vaccination intentions, cultural and monetary resources also constitute an important source of difference in vaccination intentions between individuals with and without a migration background. These results are important because our data indicate higher infection risks among individuals with a migration and low education background. Additionally, individuals from lower social origins and with migration backgrounds report higher levels of perceived burdens associated with COVID-19-related policies. The migration results differ between first- and second-generation migrants and by region of origin.
Polarization in solidarity explains social gradients in vaccination intention. A solidarity narrative may not motivate a significant share of young individuals to be vaccinated.
新冠疫苗在抗击疫情的政策中发挥着重要作用。然而，青少年和年轻人的疫苗接种率最低。因此，需要对年轻人群体进行研究，以更深入地了解社会差异以及疫苗接种意愿背后的动机。
本研究采用了德国高中生和毕业生样本（N = 4079）。基于2021年3月至7月的横断面数据以及以个性、风险偏好和信任为条件的线性回归模型，该研究分析了疫苗接种意愿中的社会差异（即性别、父母教育程度和移民背景）。
我们未发现性别方面的异质性。父母受教育程度低且有移民背景的个体疫苗接种意愿水平低于平均水平。团结信念的差异完全解释了父母受教育程度低的个体与受教育程度高的个体之间的异质性。虽然信念差异解释了疫苗接种意愿异质性的很大一部分，但文化和货币资源也是有移民背景和无移民背景个体在疫苗接种意愿上存在差异的重要来源。这些结果很重要，因为我们的数据表明，有移民和低教育背景的个体感染风险更高。此外，社会出身较低且有移民背景的个体报告称，与新冠相关政策相关的感知负担更高。第一代和第二代移民以及不同原籍地区的移民结果存在差异。
团结方面的两极分化解释了疫苗接种意愿中的社会梯度。团结的说辞可能无法促使很大一部分年轻人接种疫苗。
