Intraoperative Performance Analytics Laboratory (IPAL), Department of General Surgery, Northwell Health, Lenox Hill Hospital, 186 E. 76th Street, 1st Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
Surg Endosc. 2022 Jun;36(6):3698-3707. doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09134-9. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Evaluation of robotic surgical skill has become increasingly important as robotic approaches to common surgeries become more widely utilized. However, evaluation of these currently lacks standardization. In this paper, we aimed to review the literature on robotic surgical skill evaluation.
A review of literature on robotic surgical skill evaluation was performed and representative literature presented over the past ten years.
The study of reliability and validity in robotic surgical evaluation shows two main assessment categories: manual and automatic. Manual assessments have been shown to be valid but typically are time consuming and costly. Automatic evaluation and simulation are similarly valid and simpler to implement. Initial reports on evaluation of skill using artificial intelligence platforms show validity. Few data on evaluation methods of surgical skill connect directly to patient outcomes.
As evaluation in surgery begins to incorporate robotic skills, a simultaneous shift from manual to automatic evaluation may occur given the ease of implementation of these technologies. Robotic platforms offer the unique benefit of providing more objective data streams including kinematic data which allows for precise instrument tracking in the operative field. Such data streams will likely incrementally be implemented in performance evaluations. Similarly, with advances in artificial intelligence, machine evaluation of human technical skill will likely form the next wave of surgical evaluation.
随着机器人手术在常见手术中的应用越来越广泛，对机器人手术技能的评估变得越来越重要。然而，目前对这些评估缺乏标准化。本文旨在对机器人手术技能评估的文献进行综述。
对机器人手术技能评估的文献进行了回顾，并介绍了过去十年的代表性文献。
机器人手术评估的可靠性和有效性研究表明，主要有两种评估类别：手动和自动。手动评估已被证明是有效的，但通常耗时且昂贵。自动评估和模拟同样有效，并且更容易实施。使用人工智能平台评估技能的初步报告显示了其有效性。很少有关于手术技能评估方法的数据直接与患者结果相关联。
随着手术评估开始纳入机器人技能，鉴于这些技术易于实施，从手动评估向自动评估的转变可能会同时发生。机器人平台提供了更客观的数据流，包括运动学数据，这允许在手术场中精确跟踪器械，这可能会逐步应用于绩效评估中。同样，随着人工智能的进步，机器对人类技术技能的评估可能会成为下一波手术评估的浪潮。
