Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
J Appl Toxicol. 2022 Dec;42(12):1901-1909. doi: 10.1002/jat.4311. Epub 2022 Mar 12.
Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs), and moniliformin (MON) are gaining increasing interest due to their wide presence especially in cereals and grain-based products. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that Fusarium mycotoxins can be implicated in reproductive disorders in animals. Of these mycotoxins, BEA may affect reproductive functions, impairing the development of oocytes in pigs and sheep. Studies show dramatic inhibitory effects of BEA and ENNA on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis. ENNs also inhibit boar sperm motility and cause detrimental effects on embryos in mice and pigs. Although little data are reported on reproductive effects of MON, in vitro studies show inhibitory effects of MON on Chinese hamster ovary cells. The present review aims to summarize the reproductive toxicological effects of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins BEA, ENNs, and MON on embryo development, ovarian function, and testicular function of animals. In vitro and in vivo toxicological data are reported although additional studies are needed for proper risk assessment.
由于新兴的镰刀菌真菌毒素 beauvericin (BEA)、 enniatins (ENNs) 和 moniliformin (MON) 广泛存在于谷物和谷物制品中，因此它们越来越受到关注。体外和体内研究表明，镰刀菌真菌毒素可能与动物生殖紊乱有关。在这些真菌毒素中，BEA 可能会影响生殖功能，损害猪和羊的卵母细胞发育。研究表明，BEA 和 ENNA 对牛颗粒细胞类固醇生成具有显著的抑制作用。ENNs 还抑制公猪精子的运动能力，并对小鼠和猪的胚胎造成有害影响。尽管关于 MON 的生殖毒性作用的数据很少，但体外研究表明 MON 对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞具有抑制作用。本综述旨在总结新兴的镰刀菌真菌毒素 BEA、ENNs 和 MON 对动物胚胎发育、卵巢功能和睾丸功能的生殖毒性作用。尽管需要进一步的研究来进行适当的风险评估，但已经报告了体外和体内毒理学数据。
