College of Sport Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Australas J Ageing. 2022 Dec;41(4):e379-e386. doi: 10.1111/ajag.13037. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
To investigate age-associated changes in functional fitness (FF) among Chinese older women and to identify any urban-rural disparity.
Nine hundred and sixty-five participants aged 60-84 yrs were assessed for their functional fitness. They were stratified into five groups by age and two groups by residential areas. Two-way ANOVA was used to observe the group differences in functional fitness, and linear regression analysis was conducted to identify each of the functional fitness measures as a function of age and residential area.
All functional fitness tests showed a significant decline across age groups. Age-related decline in muscle strength occurred relatively earlier (age 65-69) compared to the decline in aerobic endurance (age 75-79). Linear regression analysis indicated that age has notable effects on each of the functional fitness measures and predicts balance control better than other factors. Urban participants outperformed their rural counterparts in all FF tests except for upper body flexibility and BMI. Notably, the greatest disparity occurred between 70 and 79 years of age.
Enhanced physical fitness monitoring and targeted interventions that focus on strength training and increasing moderate- to high-intensity leisure-time physical activity are necessary to improve the functional fitness of Chinese older women, especially those in rural areas.
研究中国老年女性功能性体能（FF）随年龄的变化，并探讨城乡差异。
对 965 名 60-84 岁的参与者进行功能性体能评估。根据年龄将其分为五组，根据居住地区将其分为两组。采用双因素方差分析观察功能性体能的组间差异，并进行线性回归分析，确定各项功能性体能指标随年龄和居住地区的变化情况。
所有功能性体能测试均显示出随年龄组的显著下降。与有氧耐力（75-79 岁）相比，肌肉力量的年龄相关性下降发生得更早（65-69 岁）。线性回归分析表明，年龄对各项功能性体能指标均有显著影响，且对平衡控制的预测作用优于其他因素。除了上肢柔韧性和 BMI 外，城市参与者在所有 FF 测试中均优于农村参与者。值得注意的是，70-79 岁年龄组的差异最大。
需要加强对中国老年女性的身体健身监测，并实施有针对性的干预措施，重点进行力量训练和增加中高强度休闲时间体力活动，以提高中国老年女性，尤其是农村地区老年女性的功能性体能。
