Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 1;22(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03779-5.
Depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescence, and girls have higher levels of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder than boys. Rumination and especially brooding, seem to be a central maintaining factor of depressive symptoms, where metacognitions about rumination play a prominent role in maintaining depressive rumination. There is a sex difference in adults in depressive disorder. The current investigation of a high school / community sample of adolescents aged 16-20 from Norway (N = 1198, 62.2% women) found that adolescent women had higher scores than men on all relevant measures: Depressive symptoms, negative and positive metacognitions, pondering, and brooding. A path model for predicting depressive symptoms showed that the major factors for both sexes were negative metacognitions and brooding. The predictors of depressive symptoms were invariant across sex and age groups, suggesting similar underlying mechanisms across these groups. The overall findings suggest that metacognitive therapy may be an efficient intervention for depressive symptoms among adolescents.
抑郁症状在青春期很常见，女孩的抑郁症状和抑郁障碍水平高于男孩。反刍思维，尤其是沉思，似乎是抑郁症状的一个核心维持因素，其中对反刍的元认知在维持抑郁性反刍中起着突出的作用。在抑郁障碍方面，成年人存在性别差异。目前对挪威 16-20 岁的高中生/社区青少年样本（N=1198，女性占 62.2%）的调查发现，青少年女性在所有相关测量指标上的得分均高于男性：抑郁症状、消极和积极的元认知、沉思和冥思苦想。一个预测抑郁症状的路径模型表明，对于男女两性来说，主要因素是消极的元认知和沉思。抑郁症状的预测因素在性别和年龄组之间是不变的，这表明这些组之间存在类似的潜在机制。总的来说，这些发现表明，元认知疗法可能是治疗青少年抑郁症状的有效方法。
