Carletto Sara, Miniotti Marco, Persico Alberto, Leombruni Paolo
Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Dec 31;10:451. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_612_21. eCollection 2021.
Previous studies have reported that medical students show high rates of depression, anxiety, and stress levels, but mixed findings were found regarding possible differences between gender and different years of medical training. This study evaluated depression, anxiety, and stress levels and psychiatric drug use in students in an Italian medical school and investigated the differences between gender and year of study.
This cross-sectional study included 694 medical students in their 1 ( = 286), 4 ( = 209), and 6 ( = 199) year of study. The questionnaire included demographic information, self-report questionnaires regarding depression, anxiety, and stress, and questions about psychiatric drug use. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/Ver 22 through descriptive and analytic statistics, including Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher's exact test, and GLM two-way ANOVA.
Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were reported by 365 (52.6%), 428 (61.7%), and 545 (78.5%) medical students, respectively. Female students in their 4 year of study reported higher depression levels than males of the same year ( = 0.004), whereas levels of anxiety were higher in 6-year female students compared with those in their 1 and 4 years ( = 0.001; = 0.025). Stress levels were consistently higher in females than in males for all 3 years (1 year: = 0.041; 4 year: < 0.001; 6 year: = 0.004). No gender differences were found in the use of psychiatric and stimulant drugs.
This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting the importance of planning interventions aimed at reducing emotional distress among medical students that should be targeted on gender and year of the study.
先前的研究报告称，医学生中抑郁、焦虑和压力水平较高，但在性别和不同医学培训年份之间的可能差异方面存在不一致的研究结果。本研究评估了意大利一所医学院学生的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平以及精神科药物使用情况，并调查了性别和学习年份之间的差异。
这项横断面研究纳入了694名医学生，分别处于第1年（n = 286）、第4年（n = 209）和第6年（n = 199）的学习阶段。问卷包括人口统计学信息、关于抑郁、焦虑和压力的自我报告问卷，以及有关精神科药物使用的问题。使用SPSS/Ver 22通过描述性和分析性统计进行数据分析，包括曼-惠特尼U检验、费舍尔精确检验和广义线性模型双向方差分析。
分别有365名（52.6%）、428名（61.7%）和545名（78.5%）医学生报告有抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。处于第4年学习阶段的女生报告的抑郁水平高于同年男生（P = 0.004），而6年级女生的焦虑水平高于她们第1年和第4年时（P = 0.001；P = 0.025）。在所有3年中，女生的压力水平始终高于男生（第1年：P = 0.041；第4年：P < 0.001；第6年：P = 0.004）。在精神科和刺激性药物的使用方面未发现性别差异。
本研究提供了初步证据，表明规划旨在减轻医学生情绪困扰的干预措施很重要，这些干预措施应针对性别和学习年份。
