Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
J Nutr. 2022 Jun 9;152(6):1476-1486. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac041.
Lower consumption of whole grains is associated with higher risks of diabetes and coronary heart disease in Western populations, but evidence is still limited for stroke. Moreover, little is known in China, where the rates of cardiometabolic diseases are high and the grain types consumed are different from those in Western countries.
To examine the associations between coarse-grain (e.g., millet, corn, and sorghum) consumption and incident cardiometabolic diseases among Chinese adults.
The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank enrolled >0.5 million adults aged 30-79 years from 10 urban and rural areas during 2004-2008. At baseline, consumption frequencies (in 5 categories from "never" to "daily") of 12 major food groups, including coarse grains, were collected using a validated FFQ. After a median of 11 years of follow-up, 17,149 cases of diabetes, 29,876 ischemic strokes, 6097 hemorrhagic strokes, and 6704 major coronary events were recorded among 461,047 participants without a prevalence of major chronic diseases at baseline. Cox regression analyses were used to yield adjusted HRs for each disease associated with coarse-grain consumption.
Overall, 13.8% of participants reported regularly consuming (i.e., ≥4 days/week, regular consumers) and 29.4% reported never or rarely consuming coarse grains (i.e., nonconsumers) at baseline. Compared with nonconsumers, regular consumers had lower risks of diabetes (adjusted HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98) and ischemic stroke (adjusted HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81-0.93), but not hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.76-1.20) or major coronary events (adjusted HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.81-1.12). For diabetes and ischemic stroke, each 100 g/day increase in the usual intake of coarse grains was associated with 14% (adjusted HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97) and 13% (adjusted HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.94) lower risks, respectively, with similar results in various subgroups.
In Chinese adults, higher coarse-grain consumption is associated with lower risks of diabetes and ischemic stroke, supporting the promotion of coarse-grain consumption in China.
在西方人群中，全谷物摄入量较低与糖尿病和冠心病的风险增加有关，但对中风的证据仍然有限。此外，在中国，心血管代谢疾病的发病率很高，消费的谷物类型与西方国家不同，因此相关信息也很有限。
研究中国成年人中粗粮（如小米、玉米和高粱）摄入与心血管代谢疾病发病之间的关联。
前瞻性的中国慢性病前瞻性研究于 2004-2008 年期间在 10 个城乡地区招募了超过 500 万名 30-79 岁的成年人。在基线时，使用经过验证的 FFQ 收集了 12 种主要食物组（包括粗粮）的摄入频率（5 个类别，从不至每日）。在中位随访 11 年后，在 461,047 名无基线主要慢性疾病的参与者中记录了 17,149 例糖尿病、29,876 例缺血性中风、6097 例出血性中风和 6704 例主要冠心病事件。Cox 回归分析用于得出与粗粮摄入相关的每种疾病的调整后 HR。
总体而言，13.8%的参与者报告经常食用（即每周≥4 天，经常食用者），29.4%的参与者报告从不或很少食用粗粮（即非食用者）。与非食用者相比，经常食用者患糖尿病（调整后 HR，0.88；95%CI，0.78-0.98）和缺血性中风（调整后 HR，0.86；95%CI，0.81-0.93）的风险较低，但出血性中风（调整后 HR，0.96；95%CI，0.76-1.20）或主要冠心病事件（调整后 HR，0.95；95%CI，0.81-1.12）风险无差异。对于糖尿病和缺血性中风，粗粮摄入量每增加 100g/天，风险分别降低 14%（调整后 HR，0.86；95%CI，0.76-0.97）和 13%（调整后 HR，0.87；95%CI，0.81-0.94），在各种亚组中均有类似结果。
在中国成年人中，较高的粗粮摄入量与糖尿病和缺血性中风的风险降低有关，支持在中国推广粗粮摄入。
