National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China.
Nutrients. 2022 May 18;14(10):2109. doi: 10.3390/nu14102109.
There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations with the risks of major cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, who participated in surveys both in 2011 and in 2015. Diet data were collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls, together with household seasoning weighing. Whole grains were defined as grains with a ratio of fiber to carbohydrate of ≥0.1, while coarse grains were defined as grains except for rice and its products, and wheat and its products. Multivariable logistic regressions were modeled to analyze the associations of intakes of whole grains and coarse grains, respectively, with risks of major CMFs including obesity-, blood pressure-, blood glucose- and lipid-related factors, which were defined by International Diabetes Federation and AHA/NHLBI criteria. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of elevated LDL-C decreased with the increasing intake levels of whole grains (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46−0.88, p-trend < 0.05). Moreover, adults with the whole grain intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day had 27% lower odds of overweight and obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54−0.99) and 31% lower odds of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49−0.96), as compared with non-consumers. In conclusion, given the significant nutrient profiles of whole grains and coarse grains, the adults with higher intakes of whole grains only may have a lower risk of LDL-C and overweight and obesity.
在中国，关于全谷物摄入量与心血管代谢风险因素之间的关系的研究较少，而且目前全谷物的定义也不一致。本研究从西方和传统两个方面定义了全谷物，并在 2011 年和 2015 年两次调查中，对 4706 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的中国成年人进行了调查，研究了它们与主要心血管代谢因素（CMF）风险之间的关系。通过连续 3 天 24 小时的回忆和家庭调味料称重收集饮食数据。全谷物定义为纤维与碳水化合物比例≥0.1 的谷物，而粗粮则定义为除大米及其制品和小麦及其制品之外的谷物。采用多变量逻辑回归模型分析了全谷物和粗粮摄入量与主要 CMF 风险的关系，主要 CMF 风险包括国际糖尿病联合会和 AHA/NHLBI 标准定义的肥胖、血压、血糖和血脂相关因素。在调整了潜在混杂因素后，随着全谷物摄入量的增加，LDL-C 升高的几率降低（OR 0.64，95%CI 0.46-0.88，p-trend<0.05）。此外，与不食用全谷物的成年人相比，每日摄入 50.00 至 150.00 克全谷物的成年人超重和肥胖的几率降低 27%（OR 0.73，95%CI 0.54-0.99），LDL-C 升高的几率降低 31%（OR 0.69，95%CI 0.49-0.96）。总之，鉴于全谷物和粗粮具有显著的营养特性，仅摄入较高量全谷物的成年人可能具有较低的 LDL-C 和超重肥胖风险。
