Sergio Cornelio-Martínez, Rolando Castañeda-Arellano
Universidad del Valle de México, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Zapopan, Zapopan, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, 45425, Tonalá, Mexico.
Exp Brain Res. 2022 May;240(5):1303-1315. doi: 10.1007/s00221-022-06331-9. Epub 2022 Mar 2.
Erythropoietin is a cytokine that binds to the Erythropoietin receptor and regulates the formation of erythroid cells during erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. However, many other organs and tissues express Erythropoietin and its receptor, such as the Nervous System, which principally regulates tissue protection. In the Central Nervous System, Erythropoietin is principally expressed by astrocytes, while neurons mainly express Erythropoietin receptors. Moreover, Erythropoietin acts as a pleiotropic molecule with neuroprotective effects, and its mechanisms of signal transduction pathways are defined, and there is a growing interest in its therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the role of Erythropoietin and its relationship with HIF1, PI3/Akt, GSK3B, JAK/STAT, and MAPKs signaling pathways that leads to cell survival after injury in the Central Nervous System. Knowledge of these signaling systems comprehensively could better guide EPO treatment to restoring different SNC alterations mediated by different insults.
促红细胞生成素是一种细胞因子，它与促红细胞生成素受体结合，并在骨髓红细胞生成过程中调节红系细胞的形成。然而，许多其他器官和组织也表达促红细胞生成素及其受体，比如主要调节组织保护的神经系统。在中枢神经系统中，促红细胞生成素主要由星形胶质细胞表达，而神经元主要表达促红细胞生成素受体。此外，促红细胞生成素作为一种具有神经保护作用的多效性分子，其信号转导途径的机制已明确，并且人们对其治疗潜力的兴趣与日俱增。本综述重点关注促红细胞生成素的作用及其与缺氧诱导因子1、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B、糖原合成酶激酶3β、Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的关系，这些信号通路可导致中枢神经系统损伤后细胞存活。全面了解这些信号系统可以更好地指导促红细胞生成素治疗，以恢复由不同损伤介导的不同中枢神经系统改变。
