Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Faculty of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2022 Jun;46(6):1204-1211. doi: 10.1038/s41366-022-01098-z. Epub 2022 Mar 2.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity has been reported as an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity. So far, few studies have aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between ADHD and obesity, as well as used other measures of body composition like fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) as measures of obesity. This study aimed to test the association between ADHD and body composition (body mass index [BMI] and others) and to evaluate the potential causal relationship with obesity.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort at age 11-, 15-, 18-, and 22-year follow-up was used. We performed a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) analysis between ADHD symptoms and BMI to explore the causal relationship between both traits. Finally, we tested whether ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity symptom scales were associated with BMI, FM, and FFM at 22 years.
In the CLPM, higher ADHD scores at age 11 predicted higher BMI at age 15 (β = 0.055, 95% CI [0.037; 0.073]). ADHD symptoms at age 11 was also associated with a decrease in the FFM (β = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.28; -0.05]), and an increase in the BMI (β = 0.17, 95% CI [0.10; 0.23]) and FM (β = 0.17, 95% CI [0.06; 0.29]) at 22 years. At 22 years of age, ADHD was associated with FFM and FM. Moreover, an increase in BMI was observed with an increase in several symptoms of ADHD in general (β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.004; 0.12]), and hyperactivity symptoms (β = 0.15, 95% CI [0.05; 0.25]).
ADHD at 11 years predicted a higher BMI at 15 years, and body fat composition in adulthood, suggesting higher scores on ADHD symptoms in early life may be a critical point for body composition in early adulthood. The hyperactivity symptoms may play an important role in the BMI increase.
背景/目的：肥胖已被报道为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的一种共病。迄今为止，很少有研究旨在探索 ADHD 与肥胖之间的潜在因果关系，也没有使用身体成分的其他测量指标（如去脂体重[FFM]和脂肪量[FM]）作为肥胖的测量指标。本研究旨在检验 ADHD 与身体成分（体重指数[BMI]和其他）之间的关联，并评估与肥胖的潜在因果关系。
对象/方法：使用了 1993 年巴西佩洛塔斯出生队列在 11 岁、15 岁、18 岁和 22 岁随访时的数据。我们在 ADHD 症状和 BMI 之间进行了交叉滞后面板模型（CLPM）分析，以探索这两种特征之间的因果关系。最后，我们测试了 ADHD、注意力不集中和多动症状量表在 22 岁时与 BMI、FM 和 FFM 是否相关。
在 CLPM 中，11 岁时较高的 ADHD 评分预测了 15 岁时较高的 BMI（β=0.055，95%置信区间[0.037；0.073]）。11 岁时的 ADHD 症状也与 FFM 减少有关（β=-0.16，95%置信区间[-0.28；-0.05]），并与 22 岁时的 BMI（β=0.17，95%置信区间[0.10；0.23]）和 FM（β=0.17，95%置信区间[0.06；0.29]）增加有关。在 22 岁时，ADHD 与 FFM 和 FM 有关。此外，ADHD 的一般症状（β=0.06，95%置信区间[0.004；0.12]）和多动症状（β=0.15，95%置信区间[0.05；0.25]）增加与 BMI 增加有关。
11 岁时的 ADHD 预测了 15 岁时的 BMI 更高，以及成年期的身体脂肪成分，这表明生命早期 ADHD 症状的评分较高可能是成年早期身体成分的一个关键时期。多动症状可能在 BMI 增加中起重要作用。
