Xu Jialian, Ji Jindou, Jiao Juyang, Zheng Liangjun, Hong Qimin, Tang Haozheng, Zhang Shutao, Qu Xinhua, Yue Bing
Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Feb 14;10:828921. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.828921. eCollection 2022.
Due to the vasculature defects and/or the avascular nature of cartilage, as well as the complex gradients for bone-cartilage interface regeneration and the layered zonal architecture, self-repair of cartilage and subchondral bone is challenging. Currently, the primary osteochondral defect treatment strategies, including artificial joint replacement and autologous and allogeneic bone graft, are limited by their ability to simply repair, rather than induce regeneration of tissues. Meanwhile, over the past two decades, three-dimension (3D) printing technology has achieved admirable advancements in bone and cartilage reconstruction, providing a new strategy for restoring joint function. The advantages of 3D printing hybrid materials include rapid and accurate molding, as well as personalized therapy. However, certain challenges also exist. For instance, 3D printing technology for osteochondral reconstruction must simulate the histological structure of cartilage and subchondral bone, thus, it is necessary to determine the optimal bioink concentrations to maintain mechanical strength and cell viability, while also identifying biomaterials with dual bioactivities capable of simultaneously regenerating cartilage. The study showed that the regeneration of bone-cartilage interface is crucial for the repair of osteochondral defect. In this review, we focus on the significant progress and application of 3D printing technology for bone-cartilage interface regeneration, while also expounding the potential prospects for 3D printing technology and highlighting some of the most significant challenges currently facing this field.
由于软骨的血管缺陷和/或无血管性质，以及骨-软骨界面再生的复杂梯度和分层带状结构，软骨和软骨下骨的自我修复具有挑战性。目前，主要的骨软骨缺损治疗策略，包括人工关节置换以及自体和异体骨移植，都受到其单纯修复能力的限制，而非诱导组织再生。与此同时，在过去二十年中，三维（3D）打印技术在骨和软骨重建方面取得了令人钦佩的进展，为恢复关节功能提供了新策略。3D打印混合材料的优点包括快速准确成型以及个性化治疗。然而，也存在一些挑战。例如，用于骨软骨重建的3D打印技术必须模拟软骨和软骨下骨的组织结构，因此，有必要确定最佳生物墨水浓度以维持机械强度和细胞活力，同时还要识别具有双重生物活性、能够同时再生软骨的生物材料。研究表明，骨-软骨界面的再生对于骨软骨缺损的修复至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注3D打印技术在骨-软骨界面再生方面的重大进展和应用，同时阐述3D打印技术的潜在前景，并突出该领域目前面临的一些最重大挑战。
