Li Kangle, Li Jiapeng, Zhu Qizhen, Xu Bin
State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
Small Methods. 2022 Apr;6(4):e2101537. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202101537. Epub 2022 Mar 2.
Supercapacitors have the characteristics of high power density and long cycle life, but the low energy density limits their further development. The 2D transitional metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) show great application prospects in the field of supercapacitors due to their superior volumetric capacitance, metallic-like conductivity, tunable surface terminations, and structural advantages. However, like other 2D materials, MXenes suffer from the inevitable problem of nanosheet restacking and aggregation, which reduces the overall active surface sites and blocks the accessibility of the electrolyte ions. The transformation of 2D MXene nanosheets into 3D architectures is proven effective to overcome the restacking problem. The review briefly summarizes the preparation strategies of 3D MXene materials, including template-assisted method, framework-assisted method, chemical assembly method, foaming method, and other methods with the discussion centered on the performances of 3D MXenes in supercapacitors. Finally, an outlook on the current progress and opportunities is given to highlight the increasing popularity of 3D MXenes in supercapacitors.
超级电容器具有高功率密度和长循环寿命的特点，但低能量密度限制了它们的进一步发展。二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物（MXenes）由于其优异的体积电容、类金属导电性、可调节的表面终端以及结构优势，在超级电容器领域展现出巨大的应用前景。然而，与其他二维材料一样，MXenes存在不可避免的纳米片重新堆叠和聚集问题，这会减少整体活性表面位点并阻碍电解质离子的可达性。将二维MXene纳米片转变为三维结构已被证明是克服重新堆叠问题的有效方法。本文综述简要总结了三维MXene材料的制备策略，包括模板辅助法、框架辅助法、化学组装法、发泡法以及其他方法，并围绕三维MXenes在超级电容器中的性能展开讨论。最后，对当前的进展和机遇进行了展望，以突出三维MXenes在超级电容器中日益增长的受欢迎程度。
