University Hospital for Orthodontics, Department of Dental and Oral Medicine and Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
University Hospital for Craniomaxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Department of Dental and Oral Medicine and Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
J Orofac Orthop. 2022 Oct;83(Suppl 1):75-84. doi: 10.1007/s00056-022-00376-9. Epub 2022 Mar 3.
To assess the validity, reliability, reproducibility, and objectivity of measurements on stone casts of patients with mixed dentitions compared to measurements on three-dimensional (3D) digital models derived from surface scans of the stone casts.
Pairs of stone casts of 30 young patients in their mixed dentition stage were included and processed into 3D digital models using an intraoral scanner (iTero Element 2; Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA). Then an experienced and an inexperienced examiner independently performed measurements of five defined parameters, each in triplicate, both on the digital models with analysis software (OnyxCeph3™; Image Instruments, Chemnitz, Germany) and on the original casts with a vernier calliper. Paired t-tests were used for validity and interexaminer objectivity, Pearson correlation coefficients for intermethod reliability, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for reproducibility testing.
Significant (p < 0.05) intermethod differences were identified for four parameters, but only the differences for overbite and intermolar distance exceeded the threshold of clinical relevance (≥ 0.5 mm). Intermethod reliability was high and method error invariably lower for the digital measurements and for the experienced examiner. Both examiners achieved ICCs > 0.907 with both methods. Interexaminer variation involved significant differences for all parameters but one (intermolar distance) on the stone casts and for three parameters on the digital models.
Measurements performed on digital models of mixed dentitions can yield clinically acceptable outcomes with OnyxCeph3™ software. Both the digital and the analogue measurements were highly reproducible and reliable. Objectivity of the measurements could not be confirmed, as operator experience did make a difference.
评估混合牙列患者石膏模型与基于石膏模型表面扫描的三维（3D）数字模型的测量值的有效性、可靠性、可重复性和客观性。
纳入 30 名处于混合牙列阶段的年轻患者的成对石膏模型，并使用口腔内扫描仪（iTero Element 2；Align Technology，圣何塞，加利福尼亚州，美国）将其加工成 3D 数字模型。然后，一位经验丰富的和一位无经验的检查者分别独立地在数字模型上（使用分析软件 OnyxCeph3™；Image Instruments，开姆尼茨，德国）和原始模型上（使用游标卡尺）进行五次定义参数的测量，每次重复三次。采用配对 t 检验评估有效性和检查者间客观性，采用 Pearson 相关系数评估组内相关性，采用组内相关系数（ICC）评估可重复性。
四个参数存在显著的（p < 0.05）组间差异，但只有覆颌和磨牙间距离的差异超过临床相关阈值（≥ 0.5 mm）。数字测量的组内相关性高，方法误差始终低于数字测量和经验丰富的检查者。两种方法的两位检查者的 ICC 均> 0.907。在石膏模型上，除了磨牙间距离外，所有参数的检查者间差异均具有统计学意义；而在数字模型上，除了一个参数（磨牙间距离）外，所有参数的检查者间差异均具有统计学意义。
使用 OnyxCeph3™软件对混合牙列的数字模型进行测量可获得临床可接受的结果。数字和模拟测量均具有高度的可重复性和可靠性。由于操作人员的经验确实存在差异，因此无法确认测量的客观性。
