Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India.
Chem Asian J. 2022 Apr 14;17(8):e202200044. doi: 10.1002/asia.202200044. Epub 2022 Mar 19.
This review explains various strategies for developing fluorescent probes to detect reactive carbonyl species (RCS). There are several mono and diacarbonyls among 30 varieties of reactive carbonyl species (RCSs) so far discovered, which play pivotal roles in pathological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and diabetes mellitus. These RCSs play essential roles in maintaining ion channel regulation, cellular signaling pathways, and metabolisms. Among RCSs, carbon monoxide (CO) is also utilized for its cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Fluorescence-based non-invasive optical tools have come out as one of the promising methods for analyzing the concentrations and co-localizations of these small metabolites. There has been a tremendous eruption in developing fluorescent probes for selective detection of specific RCSs within cellular and aqueous environments due to their high sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution of fluorescence imaging. Fluorescence-based sensing mechanisms such as intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), photoinduced electron transfer (PeT), excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are described. In particular, probes for dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal (MGO), malondialdehyde (MDA), along with monocarbonyls that include formaldehyde (FA), carbon monoxide (CO) and phosgene are discussed. One of the most exciting advances in this review is the summary of fluorescent probes of dicarbonyl compounds.
这篇综述解释了开发用于检测反应性羰基物种 (RCS) 的荧光探针的各种策略。迄今为止，已发现的 30 种反应性羰基物种 (RCS) 中有几种单羰基和二羰基，它们在癌症、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、肾衰竭和糖尿病等病理过程中起着关键作用。这些 RCS 在维持离子通道调节、细胞信号通路和代谢方面发挥着重要作用。在 RCS 中，一氧化碳 (CO) 也因其心脏保护、抗炎和抗细胞凋亡作用而被利用。基于荧光的非侵入性光学工具已成为分析这些小代谢物浓度和共定位的有前途的方法之一。由于其高灵敏度、荧光成像的高空间和时间分辨率，在开发用于选择性检测细胞内和水相环境中特定 RCS 的荧光探针方面取得了巨大的突破。描述了基于荧光的传感机制，如分子内电荷转移 (ICT)、光诱导电子转移 (PeT)、激发态分子内质子转移 (ESIPT) 和荧光共振能量转移 (FRET)。特别是，讨论了二羰基化合物（如甲基乙二醛 (MGO)、丙二醛 (MDA)）以及包括甲醛 (FA)、一氧化碳 (CO) 和光气在内的单羰基的探针。这篇综述中最令人兴奋的进展之一是总结了二羰基化合物的荧光探针。
