Tobacco Control, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
Departamento de Investigación sobre Tabaco, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Tob Control. 2022 Mar;31(2):138-141. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057007.
Most Latin American countries have signed and ratified the FCTC, although implementation has been uneven. Countries across the region were relatively quick to adopt mandatory smoke-free workplace policies, but regional progress in other areas has been slower. In taxation, for example, Uruguay and Brazil have made considerable progress while Paraguay and Bolivia have relatively weak policies. More recently, the region is grappling with challenges regulating novel tobacco and nicotine products. Market share for flavor capsule cigarettes in Latin America is the highest in the world; electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products are, for the most part, dissimilarly regulated; and uptake of these emerging products by adolescents and young adults is on the rise. In examining the needs and challenges in the region, we conclude that the adoption of a strong regulatory framework based on the FCTC and its Protocols is needed to accelerate a positive public health impact. In particular, countries in the region need more consistent progress in implementing FCTC provisions while strengthening regulation of flavored tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products. Failing to do so threatens to undermine the progress Latin America has made in tobacco use prevention and control.
大多数拉丁美洲国家已经签署和批准了《烟草控制框架公约》，尽管执行情况参差不齐。该地区各国相对较快地通过了强制性的无烟工作场所政策，但在其他领域的区域进展较为缓慢。例如，在税收方面，乌拉圭和巴西取得了相当大的进展，而巴拉圭和玻利维亚的政策相对较弱。最近，该地区正在努力应对监管新型烟草和尼古丁产品的挑战。在拉丁美洲，口味胶囊香烟的市场份额位居世界第一；电子烟和加热烟草产品在很大程度上受到不同的监管；青少年和年轻人对这些新兴产品的使用率正在上升。在审视该地区的需求和挑战时，我们的结论是，需要根据《烟草控制框架公约》及其议定书，通过采用强有力的监管框架，来加速产生积极的公共卫生影响。特别是，该地区各国需要在实施《烟草控制框架公约》条款方面取得更一致的进展，同时加强对调味烟草产品、电子烟和加热烟草产品的监管。否则，拉丁美洲在预防和控制烟草使用方面取得的进展将受到威胁。
