Moodie Crawford, Hoek Janet, Hammond David, Gallopel-Morvan Karine, Sendoya Diego, Rosen Laura, Mucan Özcan Burcu, van der Eijk Yvette
Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
Departments of Public Health and Marketing, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Tob Control. 2022 Mar;31(2):263-271. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056559.
The aim of this paper is to overview progress made with respect to the adoption of plain (or standardised) packaging, key challenges faced, evaluative evidence and opportunities for extending this policy. It has been a decade since Australia became the first country to require tobacco products to be sold in plain packaging; after slow initial uptake, 16 countries have now fully implemented this policy. Since 2020, plain packaging laws have become more comprehensive in some countries, expanding coverage beyond traditional tobacco products to include heated tobacco, tobacco accessories (rolling papers) and other nicotine-containing products (e-cigarettes). Laws have also become more innovative: some now ban non-biodegradable filters, include provision for a periodic change of the pack colour or require both plain packaging and health-promoting pack inserts. The tobacco industry has and will continue to use multi-jurisdictional strategies to oppose this policy. Evaluations suggest that plain packaging has improved health outcomes and has not burdened retailers, although research is limited to early policy adopters and important gaps in the literature remain. While the power of packaging as a sales tool has diminished in markets with plain packaging, tobacco companies have exploited loopholes to continue to promote their products and have increasingly focused on filter innovations. Opportunities exist for governments to strengthen plain packaging laws.
本文旨在概述在采用普通（或标准化）包装方面取得的进展、面临的主要挑战、评估证据以及扩展该政策的机会。自澳大利亚成为首个要求烟草制品采用普通包装销售的国家以来，已经过去了十年；在最初采用缓慢之后，现在已有16个国家全面实施了这一政策。自2020年以来，一些国家的普通包装法律变得更加全面，将覆盖范围从传统烟草制品扩大到加热烟草、烟草配件（卷烟纸）和其他含尼古丁产品（电子烟）。法律也变得更具创新性：一些法律现在禁止不可生物降解的过滤嘴，规定定期更换包装颜色，或者要求同时采用普通包装和促进健康的包装插页。烟草行业已经并将继续采用多辖区策略来反对这一政策。评估表明，普通包装改善了健康状况，且未给零售商带来负担，不过研究仅限于早期采用该政策的地区，文献中仍存在重要空白。虽然在采用普通包装的市场中，包装作为一种销售工具的影响力已经减弱，但烟草公司利用漏洞继续推广其产品，并越来越专注于过滤嘴创新。政府有机会加强普通包装法律。
