Sumbly Vikram, Landry Ian
Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/NYC Health & Hospitals|Queens, Jamaica, NY, USA.
Stem Cell Investig. 2022 Jan 19;9:1. doi: 10.21037/sci-2021-067. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this review article is to describe the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and to better understand the role of abnormal stem cells in the development of pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal disease that is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of pancreatic exocrine or neuroendocrine glands. It is believed that pancreatic cancers arise from a small population of abnormal cancer stem cells (CSCs) that promote tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. The molecular markers CD133, CXCR4, DCLK1, c-MET, ABCG2 and Lgr5 are routinely used to detected and observe the behaviours of pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs).
A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov and Web of Science using related keywords. Articles focusing on PCSCs and pancreatic cancer pathogenesis, biochemistry and clinical trials were selected.
Although very little is known about the exact cause of pancreatic cancer, PCSCs seem to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Mutated biochemical cascades include Sonic Hedgehog, K-RAS-JNK, DLL4/Notch and Nodal/Activin. Several clinical trials are trying to determine if the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cell or peripheral stem cells could be useful for the treatment of such an aggressive tumor.
这篇综述文章的目的是描述胰腺癌的发病机制，并更好地理解异常干细胞在胰腺癌发展中的作用。
胰腺癌是一种高致死性疾病，由胰腺外分泌腺或神经内分泌腺的不受控制的增殖引起。据信，胰腺癌起源于一小部分促进肿瘤发生、肿瘤转移和治疗抗性的异常癌症干细胞（CSCs）。分子标志物CD133、CXCR4、DCLK1、c-MET、ABCG2和Lgr5通常用于检测和观察胰腺癌干细胞（PCSCs）的行为。
使用相关关键词在PubMed、谷歌学术、Scopus、Clinicaltrials.gov和科学网进行了全面搜索。选择了关注PCSCs以及胰腺癌发病机制、生物化学和临床试验的文章。
尽管对胰腺癌的确切病因知之甚少，但PCSCs似乎在致癌过程中起重要作用。突变的生化级联反应包括音猬因子、K-RAS-JNK、DLL4/Notch和Nodal/激活素。几项临床试验正在试图确定造血干细胞或外周干细胞移植是否有助于治疗这种侵袭性肿瘤。
